Ideal society and its characteristics in women's press of the first Pahlavi Era; Case study of PEYK-E SAʿĀDAT-E NESWĀN and DOḴTARĀN-E ĪRĀN

The revolutionary intellectual stream originating from the constitutionalist movement in the field of women's demands continued in the first Pahlavi period and matured in later periods. This research was carried out to answers to these questions: What is the ideal type society in terms of gender relations and the position of women in the women's press of this period, and what characteristics do the publications adopt from these societies? In this regard, the texts of PEYK-E SAʿĀDAT-E NESWĀN (1927-1929) and DOḴTARĀN-E ĪRĀN (1931-1932) were selected as a statistical sample and qualitatively analyzed using the documentary analysis technique.

Adopting the theoretical approach of Weber as an analytical tool showed that both publications, have made efforts by referring to the European society, also to the situation of women in specific countries (Egypt and Japan) and introducing leading female models in the formulation of ideal types. Also, the definition that can be counted from the collection of characteristics of an exemplary society includes both values, attitudes, and concrete, practical manifestations, and it shows the condition of Iran at that time and its distance to a relatively improved state. Bringing up these examples and their aspects is an attempt to model the minds of reformist women and men who are fed up with the inferior gender order of women and seek Iran's progress during the establishment and stabilization of the modern state. Also, the report and analysis of the findings have novel data in monitoring the social changes of women and the gender order.