Batson,CD;Duncan’ BD ; AcKLerman’P. ;BucKley’T. ; Birch’K; (1981) Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation? Journal of Personality And social Psychology ’40:290 ـ 302.
Deaux’ K. ;dane,F,c. Weightsman’l’s. ;Sigelman’C’K (1990) Social Psychology in the 90 ‘ California’ Brooks/Cole Publishing Company’p 291.
Fox,Stuart (2015) Apathy,alienation and young people,the political engaemant of British millennials. P. H. D. thesis,university of Nottingham.
Latane’B. ;Darley’ J’M. ; (1970) The unresponsive bystander‘ why doesn’t he help?Newyork. Appleton ـ Century ـ Crofts’p 15.
Munch,Richard (1988) Understanding Modernity. London:m:Routledge.
Piliavin,J. A. ;Charng’H. W. (1990) ALtuism; a review of recent theory and research’Annual Review of Sociology’ 19:25 ـ 65.
Wiggins’J’A. ; Wiggins’B’B. ;Zanden’J’V. (1994) Social Psychology’new york’ Mc Graw – Hill’ pp 333 ـ 334.
Neman,Jenifer (2017) Social apathy,Personal site.