Investigating the Eight-Level Levels of Propagating Values on the Quality of Narrative Perceptions A Case Study of Shadow Times

Document Type : Original Article

Author
mahmood Ranjbar
Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Guilan
10.22034/jcsc.2024.96664.1755
Abstract
The octagonal levels of the Braunigan narrative in the “Shadow Times” novel

Structural studies have been important in recent years to explore the ways in which concepts are transmitted. theologians believe that if we specify the different levels of a narrative work then We can find out the view point of a story teller. Collected all levels in a work show that there is a narrative cycle in it. Eduard Braunigan believes that eight levels are needed to understand the narrative. These levels help the reader to understand literary work. In this study, we analyzed eight levels: 1- Text 2- Story 3- Story world 4- Scene events 5- Acting 6. Speech 7. Figure out 8. Thought Eight levels of Braunigan were reviewed in the novel "Time of Shadows" by Mahmoud Falaki

The method is descriptive-analytic.The results show that in the Braunigan pattern each level represents a part of epistemology in the novel.These levels tell story information.

Highlights

 

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Keywords
Narration
Octagonal Levels
Braunigan
Shadows times
Falaki
 
 
Abrams, M. H. (2008). A Glossary of Literary Terms. Translated by Saeed Sabzian-Moradabadi. Tehran: Rahnamā.(In Persian)
Ansari, Mansour (2005). Dialogic Democracy: The Democratic Possibilities of Mikhail Bakhtin and Jürgen Habermas’s Thought. Tehran: Markaz. (In Persian)
Asa Berger, Arthur (2001). Narratives in Popular Culture, Media, and Everyday Life. Translated by Mohammad Reza Liravi. Tehran: Soroush. (In Persian)
Borges, Jorge Luis (2002). Borges’ Labyrinths. Translated by Ahmad Mira’alaei. Tehran: Zaman. (In Persian)
Branigan, Edward (2009). "The Eight Levels of Narrative." Translated by Fattah Mohammadi. Farabi Quarterly, 11(4), 61–106. (In Persian)
Branigan, Edward (2017). Understanding Narrative and Film. Translated by Jalil Shahri Langaroudi. Tehran: Siahrood. (In Persian)
Bressler, Charles (2007). An Introduction to Literary Theories and Criticism. Translated by Mostafa Abedini-Fard. Tehran: Niloufar Publications. (In Persian)
Falaki, Mahmoud (2003). Narrative Fiction: The Basics of Storytelling. Tehran: Baztab Negar. (In Persian)
Falaki, Mahmoud (2014). Time of Shadows. Tehran: Sales. (In Persian)
Falaki, Mahmoud (2017). Time of Shadows and Other Issues [Interview with Payam Heidar-Qazvini]. Kargadan Journal, No. 70, 4 Azar. Available at: www.m-falaki.com(In Persian)
Genette Gerard:1988, From Narrative Discourse Revisited, in the narrative
Herman, David (2014). Basic Elements of Narrative in Literary Theories. Translated by Hossein Safi. Tehran: Nashr-e Ney. (In Persian)
Jouve, Vincent (2015). The Poetics of the Novel. Translated by Nosrat Hejazi. Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi. (In Persian)
Klages, Mary (2009). Literary Theory: A Guide for the Perplexed. Translated by Jalal Sokhanvari, Elaheh Dehnavi, and Saeed Sabzian. Tehran: Akhtaran. (In Persian)
Lloyd, Genevieve (2001). Being in Time. Translated by Manouchehr Haghighi-Rad. Tehran: Dashtestan. (In Persian)
Lodge, David et al. (2007). Theories of the Novel. Translated by Hossein Payandeh. Tehran: Niloufar. (In Persian)
Mahmoudian, Mohammad Rafi’ (2008). The Theory of the Novel and the Characteristics of Persian Fiction. Tehran: Farsi Publications. (In Persian)
Mandanipour, Shahriar (2010). The Spirits of Scheherazade (3rd ed.). Tehran: Ghoghnous. (In Persian)
Martin, Wallace (2007). Theories of Narrative. Translated by Mohammad Shahba. Tehran: Hermes. (In Persian)
McQuillan , Martin(2000) the narrative reader, London, Rutledge.
Meghdadi, Bahram (1999). A Dictionary of Literary Criticism Terms (From Plato to the Present). Tehran: Fekr-e Rouz. (In Persian)
Mirfakhraei, Teja (2004). The Process of Discourse Analysis. Edited by Hosseinali Ghajari. Tehran: Center for Media Studies and Research. (In Persian)
Mirsadeghi, Jamal & Mirsadeghi, Maymant (1998). Dictionary of Fiction Writing: A Detailed Glossary of Narrative Literature Terms. Tehran: Ketab-e Mahnaz. (In Persian)
Namvar Motlaq, Bahman (2008). "Bakhtin, Dialogism, and Polyphony: A Study of Bakhtinian Pre-Intertextuality." Human Sciences Research Journal, No. 57, Spring 2008, pp. 397–414. (In Persian)
Nimrouzi, Rasul (2002). "Vladimir Nabokov and the Cinematic Gaze." Klak Monthly, No. 134, pp. 30–31. (In Persian)
Payandeh, Hossein (2010). The Short Story in Iran (Realist and Naturalist Stories). Tehran: Niloufar. (In Persian)
Rima-Makarik, Irina (2009). Encyclopedia of Literary Theory. Translated by Mehran Mohajer & Mohammad Nabavi. Tehran: Agah. (In Persian)
Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith (2008). Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics. Translated by Abolfazl Horri. Tehran: Niloufar. (In Persian)
Todorov, Tzvetan (2000). The Poetics of Structuralism. Translated by Mohammad Nabavi. Tehran: Agah. (In Persian)
Zarafa, Michel (1989). Fictional Literature: The Novel and Social Reality. Translated by Nasrin Parvini. Tehran: Foroughi. (In Persian)