Investigating relationship between Leisure Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction among Youths, case study: Students of the University of Science and Culture

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Golnaz Omrani 1
Zahra Nadalipour 2
1 Faculty of Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Tourism, University of Science and Culture
10.22034/jcsc.2020.115918.2024
Abstract
The goal of the current study is to investigate relationship between individuals' leisure time satisfaction and life satisfaction. It aims at studying mentioned relationship among youths. In this regard, six dimensions of the leisure time including psychological, educational, social, relaxation, physiological and aesthetics were considered to be involved in the study. In order to test hypothesis of the study, required data were gathered through questionnaire and field study from a sample including 300 students of the University of Science and Culture located in Tehran, Iran. Pearson correlation and Spearman tests as well as Variance Analysis were applied in order to analyses data. Results indicate a positive, meaningful relationship between leisure time satisfaction and life satisfaction among studied sample; that is, so long as individuals are satisfied with their leisure time activities, they would be also satisfied with their life. At the end of the paper, several recommendations have been provided.

Highlights

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·          

·         Adams, D. L. 1969. "Analysis of Life Satisfaction Iindex", Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 24.  PP: 470-474.

·         Alikhah, Fereydoun (2004). Assessing the Basic Concepts of Social Sciences, Volume One, National Projects. (In Persian)

·         Amir Fakhrian, Mustafa, Moeini, Alireza (2014). Tourism and leisure planning in Mashhad with emphasis on identifying leisure time patterns of urban residents. Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, No. 33, Summer 2014. https://jgs.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1960-fa.html. (In Persian)

·         Argan M. Argan M. T. Dursun M. T. 2018. “Examining Relationships Among Well-being, Leisure Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, and Happiness”, International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2018, Vol. 7, No. 4. PP: 49-59.

·         Azimi Hashemi, M. (2004). Religiosity and satisfaction with life,a case study of high school students of Ferdows, Daregaz and Mashhad (education districts 4, 5 and 7. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences, 1(3), -. doi: 10.22067/jss.v0i0.3082 (In Persian)

·         Brown, A. B. Frankel G. 1993. “Activity Through the Years: Leisure, Leisure Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction”, Sociology of sport journal, Vol. 10, No. 1. PP: 1-17.

·         Beard, J. G. Ragheb, M. G. 1980. Measuring Leisure Satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 12, No. 1. pp. 20-33.

·         Cloninger C.R. Zohar A.H. 2011. “Personality and the perception of health and happiness”, Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 128, and PP: 24–32.

·         Diener, E. Emmons, R. A. Larsen, R. J. Griffin, S. 1985. “The Satisfaction with Life Scale”, Journal of Personality Assessment, Vol. 49. PP: 71–75.

·         Diner E. Oishi S. Lucac. R. E. (2003). “Personality, culture, and subjective well -being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life”, Annual Review of Psychology, 54. PP: 403-425.

·         Emami, F. & Labibi, M.M. (2017). Presenting a model to investigate people's satisfaction with spending their leisure time and its motivations (Case study: citizens of Tehran's 10th district). Quarterly Journal of Social Science Studies, Volume 3, Issue 3. pp. 204-196. http://uctjournals.com/farsi/archive/socials/1396/autumn/16.pdf. (In Persian)

·         Ercan, P. 2016. “An analysis on the level of leisure satisfaction and the level of satisfaction with life of young people who attend sport education camps in nature”, Educational Research and Reviews.Vol. 11, No. 8. PP: 834-841.

·         Francken, D. A. Raaij W. F. 1981. “Satisfaction with Leisure Time Activities: Journal of Leisure Research”. Vol. 13, Vo.4, PP: 337-352.

·         Ghahreman, A. (2010). The study of the concept of satisfaction and itsd measurement among the university students. Youth, Culture and Society Research, 2010, issue 4, 81-106. (In Persian)

·         Hezar Jeribi, J.; Arfaei Eyn-eddin, R. (2011). “Leisure and Social Health.” Quarterly Journal of Welfare and Social Development Planning, No. 10. pp. 39-64. (In Persian)

·          Hultsman, W. Z. Hultsman, J. T. Black, D. R. 1989. “Response peaks as a component of measurement error: Assessment implications for self-reported data in leisure research”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 21. PP: 310–315.

·         Inglehart, R. (1994). Cultural Transformation in Advanced Industrial Society, translated by Maryam Vatar, Kavir. (In Persian)

·         Liang, J. Yamashita T. Brown J. S. 2013. “Leisure Satisfaction and Quality of Life in China, Japan, and South Korea: A Comparative Study Using Asia Barometer 2006”, Journal of happiness studies, Vol. 14, No. 1. PP. 753-769.

·         Lu, L. Hu, C. 2005. “Personality, leisure experiences and happiness”, Journal of Happiness Studies (2005), Vol. 6, No. 3. PP:325–342.

·         Madandar, L. (2009), Investigating the relationship between socio-economic status, lifestyle and people's life satisfaction. Master's thesis in Social Sciences, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Al-Zahra University, supervised by Dr. Mansoureh Azamzadeh, Dr. Gholamreza Ghaffari. (In Persian)

·         Maditinosa, D. Papadopoulosb , D. Pratsc L.S. 2014. “The Free Time Allocation and its Relationship with the Perceived Quality of Life (QoL) and Satisfaction with Life (SWL)”, Procedia Economics and finance, PP: 519- 532.

·         Mannell, R. C. Dupuis, S. 1996. Life satisfaction. In J. E. Birren (Ed.), Encyclopedia of gerontology: Age, aging, and the aged (pp. 59-64). Los Angeles, CA: Center on Aging.

·         Mozaffar, H. (1379). The effect of spiritual joy on the development of intellect, Tarbiat, No. 7. pp. 12-15. (In Persian)

·         Muler, E. N. 1995. "Economic Determinants of Democracy". American Sociological Review, Vol. 60. PP: 966-982.

·         Muzindutsi P. 2015. “Determinants of leisure satisfaction among undergraduate students at a South Africa University”, International Journal of Business and Management Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1-2. PP: 32-47.

·         Myers, D. G. 1992. The pursuit of happiness. New York: William Morrow.

·         Nawijn, J. Veenhoven, R. 2011. “The effect of leisure activities on life satisfaction: The Importance of Holiday Trips”. Springer Science, 2011, PP: 39-53.

·         Nayebi, H. (1996). Measuring the level of happiness of heads of Tehrani households, Master's thesis in sociology, supervised by Dr. Karim Mansourfar, Ministry of Religious Affairs, Foundation Research Center, University of Tehran (In Persian)

·         Neal, J. D. Sirgy, M. J. 2004. “Measuring the effect of tourism services on travelers' quality of life: Further validation”, Social Indicators Research, Vol. 69, No. 3. PP: 243-249.

·         Neal, J. D. Sirgy M. J. Uysal M. 1999. “The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/tourism services and experience in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life.” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 44, No. 3. PP: 153-163.

·         Pavot, W.  Diener, E. 1993. “Review of the satisfaction with life scale”. Psychological Assessment, Vol. 5, No.2, PP: 164-172.

·         Rafat Jah, M. (2011). "Leisure and Cultural Values". Quarterly Journal of Cultural Research, Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 151-190. (In Persian)

·         Russell, R.V. 1987.The importance of recreation satisfaction and activity participation to the life satisfaction of age-segregated retirees. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol.19, No. 4. PP: 273-283.

·         Ryan, L. Dziurawiec, S. 2001. "Materialism and Its Relationship to Life Satisfaction", Social Indicators Research, Vol. 55, No. 2. PP: 185-197.

·         Saroukhani, B. (1991). Encyclopedia of Social Sciences. Tehran: Kayhan Publishing. (In Persian)

·         Schimmack, U. Diener, E. Oishi, S. 2002. “Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic: The use of chronically accessible and stable sources”, Journal of Personality, Vol. 70, No. 3. PP. 345-84.

·         Sojoudi A., Masoumi Rad R., Avardide S., Abdi, F. (2015). examining social factors affecting life satisfaction ( case study students Payame Noor University unit of the shaft ) . Rooyesh. 4(3), 19-30.
URL: http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-107-fa.html. (In Persian)

·         Solgi, M., Sadeghpour, B. (2003). Investigating the state of youth leisure time, National Youth Organization research, National Youth Report, Tehran, Ahl Qalam. (In Persian)

·         Spiers, A. Walker, G. J. 2009. “The effects of ethnicity and leisure satisfaction on happiness, peacefulness, and quality of life”, Leisure Sciences, Vol. 31, No. 1. PP: 84–99.

·         Tavasoli, G. A. (1996). Sociology of Work and Occupation, Tehran, Samt. (In Persian)

·         Rafipour, F. (1998). Development of Conflict, Third Edition, Tehran, Publishing Joint Stock Company. (In Persian)

·         Trottier A. Brown, G.T. Hobson, S.L. Miler, W. 2002. “Reliability and validity of the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS –short form) and the Adolescent Leisure Interest Profile (ALIP)”, Occupational Therapy International, Vol. 9, No. 2. PP: 131 - 144.

·         Van Praag, B. M. S. Frijters, P. Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. 2003. “The anatomy of subjective well-being”. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, VOL. 51, No. 1. PP: 29-9.

·         Zare, B.; Maleki-Azhari, A. (2015). Studying the relationship between the value system and the way young people spend their free time in Dasht-e Azadegan County. Quarterly Journal of the Iranian Association for Cultural Studies and Communication. Volume 11, Issue 39, summer 2015, pp. 143-172.143. (In Persian)

 

Keywords

 
·         Adams, D. L. 1969. "Analysis of Life Satisfaction Iindex", Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 24.  PP: 470-474.
·         Alikhah, Fereydoun (2004). Assessing the Basic Concepts of Social Sciences, Volume One, National Projects. (In Persian)
·         Amir Fakhrian, Mustafa, Moeini, Alireza (2014). Tourism and leisure planning in Mashhad with emphasis on identifying leisure time patterns of urban residents. Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, No. 33, Summer 2014. https://jgs.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1960-fa.html. (In Persian)
·         Argan M. Argan M. T. Dursun M. T. 2018. “Examining Relationships Among Well-being, Leisure Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, and Happiness”, International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2018, Vol. 7, No. 4. PP: 49-59.
·         Azimi Hashemi, M. (2004). Religiosity and satisfaction with life,a case study of high school students of Ferdows, Daregaz and Mashhad (education districts 4, 5 and 7. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal of Social Sciences, 1(3), -. doi: 10.22067/jss.v0i0.3082 (In Persian)
·         Brown, A. B. Frankel G. 1993. “Activity Through the Years: Leisure, Leisure Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction”, Sociology of sport journal, Vol. 10, No. 1. PP: 1-17.
·         Beard, J. G. Ragheb, M. G. 1980. Measuring Leisure Satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 12, No. 1. pp. 20-33.
·         Cloninger C.R. Zohar A.H. 2011. “Personality and the perception of health and happiness”, Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 128, and PP: 24–32.
·         Diener, E. Emmons, R. A. Larsen, R. J. Griffin, S. 1985. “The Satisfaction with Life Scale”, Journal of Personality Assessment, Vol. 49. PP: 71–75.
·         Diner E. Oishi S. Lucac. R. E. (2003). “Personality, culture, and subjective well -being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life”, Annual Review of Psychology, 54. PP: 403-425.
·         Emami, F. & Labibi, M.M. (2017). Presenting a model to investigate people's satisfaction with spending their leisure time and its motivations (Case study: citizens of Tehran's 10th district). Quarterly Journal of Social Science Studies, Volume 3, Issue 3. pp. 204-196. http://uctjournals.com/farsi/archive/socials/1396/autumn/16.pdf. (In Persian)
·         Ercan, P. 2016. “An analysis on the level of leisure satisfaction and the level of satisfaction with life of young people who attend sport education camps in nature”, Educational Research and Reviews.Vol. 11, No. 8. PP: 834-841.
·         Francken, D. A. Raaij W. F. 1981. “Satisfaction with Leisure Time Activities: Journal of Leisure Research”. Vol. 13, Vo.4, PP: 337-352.
·         Ghahreman, A. (2010). The study of the concept of satisfaction and itsd measurement among the university students. Youth, Culture and Society Research, 2010, issue 4, 81-106. (In Persian)
·         Hezar Jeribi, J.; Arfaei Eyn-eddin, R. (2011). “Leisure and Social Health.” Quarterly Journal of Welfare and Social Development Planning, No. 10. pp. 39-64. (In Persian)
·          Hultsman, W. Z. Hultsman, J. T. Black, D. R. 1989. “Response peaks as a component of measurement error: Assessment implications for self-reported data in leisure research”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 21. PP: 310–315.
·         Inglehart, R. (1994). Cultural Transformation in Advanced Industrial Society, translated by Maryam Vatar, Kavir. (In Persian)
·         Liang, J. Yamashita T. Brown J. S. 2013. “Leisure Satisfaction and Quality of Life in China, Japan, and South Korea: A Comparative Study Using Asia Barometer 2006”, Journal of happiness studies, Vol. 14, No. 1. PP. 753-769.
·         Lu, L. Hu, C. 2005. “Personality, leisure experiences and happiness”, Journal of Happiness Studies (2005), Vol. 6, No. 3. PP:325–342.
·         Madandar, L. (2009), Investigating the relationship between socio-economic status, lifestyle and people's life satisfaction. Master's thesis in Social Sciences, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Al-Zahra University, supervised by Dr. Mansoureh Azamzadeh, Dr. Gholamreza Ghaffari. (In Persian)
·         Maditinosa, D. Papadopoulosb , D. Pratsc L.S. 2014. “The Free Time Allocation and its Relationship with the Perceived Quality of Life (QoL) and Satisfaction with Life (SWL)”, Procedia Economics and finance, PP: 519- 532.
·         Mannell, R. C. Dupuis, S. 1996. Life satisfaction. In J. E. Birren (Ed.), Encyclopedia of gerontology: Age, aging, and the aged (pp. 59-64). Los Angeles, CA: Center on Aging.
·         Mozaffar, H. (1379). The effect of spiritual joy on the development of intellect, Tarbiat, No. 7. pp. 12-15. (In Persian)
·         Muler, E. N. 1995. "Economic Determinants of Democracy". American Sociological Review, Vol. 60. PP: 966-982.
·         Muzindutsi P. 2015. “Determinants of leisure satisfaction among undergraduate students at a South Africa University”, International Journal of Business and Management Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1-2. PP: 32-47.
·         Myers, D. G. 1992. The pursuit of happiness. New York: William Morrow.
·         Nawijn, J. Veenhoven, R. 2011. “The effect of leisure activities on life satisfaction: The Importance of Holiday Trips”. Springer Science, 2011, PP: 39-53.
·         Nayebi, H. (1996). Measuring the level of happiness of heads of Tehrani households, Master's thesis in sociology, supervised by Dr. Karim Mansourfar, Ministry of Religious Affairs, Foundation Research Center, University of Tehran (In Persian)
·         Neal, J. D. Sirgy, M. J. 2004. “Measuring the effect of tourism services on travelers' quality of life: Further validation”, Social Indicators Research, Vol. 69, No. 3. PP: 243-249.
·         Neal, J. D. Sirgy M. J. Uysal M. 1999. “The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/tourism services and experience in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life.” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 44, No. 3. PP: 153-163.
·         Pavot, W.  Diener, E. 1993. “Review of the satisfaction with life scale”. Psychological Assessment, Vol. 5, No.2, PP: 164-172.
·         Rafat Jah, M. (2011). "Leisure and Cultural Values". Quarterly Journal of Cultural Research, Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 151-190. (In Persian)
·         Russell, R.V. 1987.The importance of recreation satisfaction and activity participation to the life satisfaction of age-segregated retirees. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol.19, No. 4. PP: 273-283.
·         Ryan, L. Dziurawiec, S. 2001. "Materialism and Its Relationship to Life Satisfaction", Social Indicators Research, Vol. 55, No. 2. PP: 185-197.
·         Saroukhani, B. (1991). Encyclopedia of Social Sciences. Tehran: Kayhan Publishing. (In Persian)
·         Schimmack, U. Diener, E. Oishi, S. 2002. “Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic: The use of chronically accessible and stable sources”, Journal of Personality, Vol. 70, No. 3. PP. 345-84.
·         Sojoudi A., Masoumi Rad R., Avardide S., Abdi, F. (2015). examining social factors affecting life satisfaction ( case study students Payame Noor University unit of the shaft ) . Rooyesh. 4(3), 19-30.
URL: http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-107-fa.html. (In Persian)
·         Solgi, M., Sadeghpour, B. (2003). Investigating the state of youth leisure time, National Youth Organization research, National Youth Report, Tehran, Ahl Qalam. (In Persian)
·         Spiers, A. Walker, G. J. 2009. “The effects of ethnicity and leisure satisfaction on happiness, peacefulness, and quality of life”, Leisure Sciences, Vol. 31, No. 1. PP: 84–99.
·         Tavasoli, G. A. (1996). Sociology of Work and Occupation, Tehran, Samt. (In Persian)
·         Rafipour, F. (1998). Development of Conflict, Third Edition, Tehran, Publishing Joint Stock Company. (In Persian)
·         Trottier A. Brown, G.T. Hobson, S.L. Miler, W. 2002. “Reliability and validity of the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS –short form) and the Adolescent Leisure Interest Profile (ALIP)”, Occupational Therapy International, Vol. 9, No. 2. PP: 131 - 144.
·         Van Praag, B. M. S. Frijters, P. Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. 2003. “The anatomy of subjective well-being”. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, VOL. 51, No. 1. PP: 29-9.
·         Zare, B.; Maleki-Azhari, A. (2015). Studying the relationship between the value system and the way young people spend their free time in Dasht-e Azadegan County. Quarterly Journal of the Iranian Association for Cultural Studies and Communication. Volume 11, Issue 39, summer 2015, pp. 143-172.143. (In Persian)