نویسندگان

• سارا شریعتی مزینانی ¹
• سوسن باستانی ²
• بهناز خسروی ³

¹ استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی دانشگاه تهران

² استاد دانشگاه

³ کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه الزهرا

چکیده

ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎی اﺧﻴﺮ، ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎﻳﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان و دﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﻮه آﻣﻮزش داده ﻣﻲ«ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ زﻳﺴﺘﻦ» ﻫﺎی ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺮای  ﺷﻮد .در اﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎن ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ  دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ  ﻧﻮﻋﻲ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﻌﻨﻮی و روﺣﺎﻧﻲ، ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ راﻫﻬﺎی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﻲ، ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ، ﻛﻤﺎل را ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ آراﻣﺶ روﺣﻲ درﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ .در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﻚ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻲﻛﻪ در آن دو ﻛﻼس از اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ، ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن دﻫﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ رواﺑﻂ اﻋﻀﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد .ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ را ﻣﻲ و «ﺑﺴﺘﻪ و رازدار» ﺑﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت «ﺟﻮاﻣﻌﻲ در ﻧﻮﺳﺘﺎﻟﮋی اﺟﺘﻤﺎع» ﺗﻮان ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ و در ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺣﻀﻮر آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ«رﻫﺒﺮی ﻓﺮﻫﻤﻨﺪ»دارای  ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﻴﺎت
زﻧﺪه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ در ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻛﺮد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• معنویتهای ﺟﺪﻳﺪ
• ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ
• اﺟﺘﻤﺎع
• ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ
• ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ رازدار
• رهبری فرهمند

عنوان مقاله [English]

Societies in Nostalgia of Communities: A Look at Neo-Spiritualism in Iran (Based on Two Case Studies of Philosophical and Psychological Communities)

نویسندگان [English]

• sara shariati mazinani ¹
• susan bastani ²
• Behnaz Khosravi ³

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Tehran

³ M.a Alzahra university

چکیده [English]

During recent years there have been many gatherings and classes in Tehran and other cities where new methods of “living a better life” are being taught. In these gatherings, which are based on differing psychological and philosophical perspectives, people seek some kind of spiritual and meta-physical enlightenment and on ways to gain happiness, success, maturity, psychological transcendence and relaxation. This article reveals the findings of this qualitative study on two such classes. The type of organization and the relationship between members are studies here. According to the findings we may call these gatherings ‘societies’ or ‘communities in nostalgia’ which are closed, mysterious and lead by charismatic leaders. At the same time such gatherings are signs of dynamic social life hidden from wider social society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• new spirituality
• social organizations
• community
• society
• secret society
• charismatic leadership