نویسندگان

• محمود احمدپور دارایانی ¹
• سوسن علائی ²

¹ هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران

² ﻣﺪرس داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان - ﺷﻤﺎل

چکیده

در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻴﺮوی ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻳﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻛﺜﺮ دوﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺑﺴﻴﺎری ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آن اﻧﺠﺎم داده اﻧﺪ .ﭼﻨﺪی اﺳﺖ در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﻛﺎر آﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎی دوﻟﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و در ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ آن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه ای ﻣﺒﺬول ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .  در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ در ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﻳﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﻼش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬار  ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ و ﻛﺎر در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ و ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ  ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎزﻳﻬﺎی راﻳﺎﻧﻪ ای ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﭘﺮروﻧﻖ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮔﺮدد .  ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻲ ده ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺮﺗﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ در ﺟﻬﺎن، ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎی ﺷﺎﺧﺺ 35 ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﺮات ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن داﺧﻠﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .اﻳﻦ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻦ از ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ57و ﻧﻈﺮﺧﻮاﻫﻲ از  ﮔﺬاران ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎزﻳﻬﺎی راﻳﺎﻧﻪ ای ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪه و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ روﺷﻬﺎی آﻣﺎری ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ و آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻣﻦ در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﻳﻬﺎی ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی
• ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ
• اﻳﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل
• ﺑﺨﺶ فرهنگ
• ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎزﻳﻬﺎی راﻳﺎﻧﻪ ای

عنوان مقاله [English]

Entrepreneurship Development Strategies in the Cultural Sector (Computer Games

نویسندگان [English]

• Mahmoud Ahmadpoor ¹
• sosan alaei ²

¹ Tehran university

² azad university

چکیده [English]

Today, entrepreneurship is considered an effective element in economic development and decreasing unemployment in societies. Therefore, most governments have accepted it as a national development strategy and have supported and developed it in different ways. Recently, supporting entrepreneurship has been identified as a strategic priority in Iran, and has been considered in government policies for economic, social and cultural development. Since the cultural industries have a strong capability of creating new jobs, this research aims to offer proper entrepreneurship development strategies in the field of computer games. We identify effective and important elements in job opportunity expansion, and the need to create the first step towards a successful production of video games according to our own culture. In order to identify the effective elements, in addition to consulting with Iranian experts, we studied the governmental supporting programs for the games industry in the top ten countries, as well as the entrepreneurship development policies used worldwide. After compiling these programs and policies, we chose thirty five elements as the most effective indicators on the research subject, and used them to determine the variables and examine both the existing and desired situation. Then we administered a questionnaire on fifty-seven game producers and policy makers to find the gap between the existing and the desired position, and analyzed the data by Path Analysis (structural equating model) and the Freedman Test. Finally, three proper entrepreneurship development strategies in the video games industry were edited based on the results and were then recommended to the relevant governmental organizations for execution.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• : strategy
• entrepreneurship
• employment
• cultural sector
• computer games