نویسندگان
1 اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اصفهان
2 ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن
چکیده
ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻋﻤﻴﻘﻲ را در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی «زﺑﺎن» ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺑﻌﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ؛ ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮد زﺑﺎﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ رﻗﻢ زده اﺳﺖ. ﭘﻴﺮ ﺑﻮردﻳﻮ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮدازان ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ زﺑﺎن را اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻲً ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ای ذاﺗﺎ داﻧﺪ، درﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﺎد از زﺑﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺻﻮرتﮔﺮا،
ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻴﺎن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و زﺑﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ را ﻣﺮدود ﺷﻤﺮده و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ زﺑﺎن را ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﺑﺮ ﺣﻖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻲداﻧﺪ.
اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ درﺻﺪد آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺑﻮردﻳﻮ ﺑﭙﺮدازد .ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺑﻮردﻳﻮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ «ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن»ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻋﺎم و ﻛﻠﻲ او، ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ اﺳﺖ «ﺑﺎزار زﺑﺎﻧﻲ»و «ﺧﺼﻠﺖ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ»ﻳﻜﻲ از وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎی ﺑﺎرز ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ زﺑﺎن ﺑﻮردﻳﻮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺑﺰار ﻧﻈﺮی ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات ﻧﻤﺎدﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ
اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ، و ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎرﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ را اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ .در اﻳﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺴﻂ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﻋﻤﺪه ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ داده ﺷﻮد و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻴﺎن « ﻣﻴﺪانﻫﺎی زﺑﺎﻧﻲ » ﺑﻮردﻳﻮ،ﭘﻲرﻳﺰی ﮔﺮدد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﻧﻈﺮی «ﺑﺎزار زﺑﺎﻧﻲ واﺣﺪ» ﻣﻴﺪانﻫﺎی زﺑﺎﻧﻲ وﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
An Introduction to Pierre Bourdieu,s Sociolinguistics
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Rabani khorasegani 1
- Morteza Khoshamadi 2
1 esfahan University
2 M.A Esfahan University
چکیده [English]
Emphasizing the social dimensions of “language” has made deep revolutions in various cognitive fields such as social sciences or in linguistics itself. Pierre Bourdieu is one of the most typical theoreticians of social science who recognizes language as a social phenomenon by nature, and rejects the distinction between sociology and linguistic by criticizing formalist linguistics and considers the analysis of language in the realm of sociology. This study attempts to explain and investigate Bourdieu’s sociolinguistics descriptively and analytically. Bourdieu’s sociolinguistics is based on the framework of his general theory. Based on his theory, discourse is the product of interaction of “linguistic habitus” and “linguistic market”. Bourdieu’s framework of language theorizing relates to the method of extension, contest, gaining legitimacy, domination and in one word, “imposing” a specific from of “classification”. Criticisms of Bourdieu’s sociolinguistics are generally rooted in his general theory and the most general point made about it is the one-dimensional deletion of the possibility of “reflexivity” at the level of agency. One of the typical features of Bourdieu’s sociolinguistics is that it provides the theoretical means necessary for systematic analysis of symbolic products of distinct social contexts and presents the mechanisms of production and consumption related to these distinct contexts. In this relation, we tried to extend Bourdieu’s views and besides it, determine the common “linguistic fields” and the relation between “linguistic fields” and “unified linguistic market” are established and presented in a theoretical model.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Pierre Bourdieu
- Sociolinguistics
- Linguistic habitus
- linguistic field
- Unified linguistic market
- Self-censorship
- Illusion
- Doxa
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