Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student in Media Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Cultural Affairs and Media Affairs, Faculty of Communication Sciences and Media Studies, Science and Research Unit , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, (Corresponding Author),

3 Professor, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

4 Department of Measurement, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran,

Abstract

This article aims to "designing a model for how to cover Iranian television news with the aim of promoting public health" and aims to analyze the content of health news on television with emphasis on the Corona pandemic, comparing two Iranian and two German television channels. In order to conduct content analysis, first the important dimensions and related topics of health news coverage were defined. A total of 62 news broadcasts from the four networks were reviewed and analyzed in the period of February 18 to March 22, 2020 including 749 pieces of news related to health. The results show that the two German networks paid more attention to the coverage of health management than the two Iranian channels (ZDF with 96.8% and ARD with 64.9%), while the share of content about hygiene and health products in the two Iranian news programs was higher. Regarding material capacities and deficits, Iranian networks show higher coverage (>15%) than the two German networks (<15%). There is no systematic difference in terms of human capacities and deficits in the field of health. The amount of Iranian news in the field of health services and consulting is much higher than the two German news programs. Coverage of physical health dimensions in ZDF network (94.2%) and channel two of Iranian Television (72.3%) is higher than the other two networks. In evaluating health news across all themes, the two Iranian networks follow a similar pattern, but the patterns of the two German networks are mostly not similar.

Highlights

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  • " 2022 Special Report on Human Security". https://hdr.undp.org/content/2022-special-report-human-security & https://www.heritage.org/index/country/iran
  • "News 19:00 Heute-Nachrichten Television Network ZDF ". [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ZDF.de, 2020
  • "News 20:00 Tagesschau ARD TV Network". [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.tagesschau.de, 2020
  • "News 21 of One Sima Network"& " News 20.30 Second Channel of Sima". [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.telewebion.com, 2020
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  • Ahmadi, H., & Bigdeli, Z. (2016). A survey of Razi University Students towards Mass Media based on Theories of Communication Media. Quarterly Knowledge and Information Management Journal, 2(1), 13-26. )In Persian(
  • AlBorzi, H. (2015). The effect of media coverage of news events on the audience from the experts' point of view. Media Management3(12), 93-99. )In Persian(
  • biabani, G., soltanifar, M., mozafari, A., & hashemi, S. (2015). Media and the Function Social Responsibility Theory (SRT). Quarterly Journal of Social Development (Previously Human Development)9(4), 135-160. doi: 10.22055/qjsd.2015.11933. )In Persian(
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  • GHolamali, A. (2021). Letters to the Editor. Health Psychology9(36), -. doi: 10.30473/hpj.2021.7574.)In Persian(
  • Gollust, S. E., Fowler, E. F., & Niederdeppe, J. (2019). Television news coverage of public health issues and implications for public health policy and practice. Annual Review of Public Health, 40, 167-185.
  • Grimmer, J., & Stewart, B. M. (2013). Text as data: The promise and pitfalls of automatic content analysis methods for political texts. Political analysis, 21(3), 267-297.
  • Holladay, S. J. (2010). Are they practicing what we are preaching? An investigation of crisis communication strategies in the media coverage of chemical accidents. The handbook of crisis communication, 159-180.
  • https://pathwaycommunication.com/four-theories-at-the-heart-of-risk-high-concern-and-crisis-communication/
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  • Javaheri, F. (2014). An exploration of transparency of medical errors: The case of medical institutions in Iran. Journal of Iranian Social Studies8(1), 22-48. )In Persian(
  • Karimi, Behzad. (1397). "Content analysis of evaluations of the organization's news departments with emphasis on the national news departments and the news network ", report of the research project of the internal bulletin, General Directorate of Education of the Broadcasting Organization. )In Persian(
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  • Perse, E. M. (2001). Media effects and society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
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  • Sharifi, S. M., & Nezami, P. (2019). Media popularity, a tool for advancing new dissemination activities of social media. Rasaneh30(2), 5-25. )In Persian(
  • Shmas, M., Minavand, M. G., & Sabouri, S. (2020). News Coverage of Crisis by Iranian State TV (IRIB) Case Study: Plasco Crisis Reported by News Channel. Rasaneh30(4), 29-48. )In Persian(
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  • Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2005). Research in Mass Media. Translated: Kavous Seyed Emami. Translator: Kavos Seyyed Emami. Soroush Publications. (The original work was published in 2005). )In Persian(
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  • Zhong, B. (2006). Searching for meaning: Multi-level cognitive processing of news decision making among U.S and chinese journalists (Doctoral dissertation).

Keywords

Main Subjects

  •  

    • " 2022 Special Report on Human Security". https://hdr.undp.org/content/2022-special-report-human-security & https://www.heritage.org/index/country/iran
    • "News 19:00 Heute-Nachrichten Television Network ZDF ". [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ZDF.de, 2020
    • "News 20:00 Tagesschau ARD TV Network". [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.tagesschau.de, 2020
    • "News 21 of One Sima Network"& " News 20.30 Second Channel of Sima". [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.telewebion.com, 2020
    • (2008). Risk Communications, Crisis Communications: Backgrounds, Concepts and theories. Rasaneh19(2), 81-105. )In Persian(
    • Ahmadi, H., & Bigdeli, Z. (2016). A survey of Razi University Students towards Mass Media based on Theories of Communication Media. Quarterly Knowledge and Information Management Journal, 2(1), 13-26. )In Persian(
    • AlBorzi, H. (2015). The effect of media coverage of news events on the audience from the experts' point of view. Media Management3(12), 93-99. )In Persian(
    • biabani, G., soltanifar, M., mozafari, A., & hashemi, S. (2015). Media and the Function Social Responsibility Theory (SRT). Quarterly Journal of Social Development (Previously Human Development)9(4), 135-160. doi: 10.22055/qjsd.2015.11933. )In Persian(
    • Cameron, E. E., Nuzzo, J. B., Bell, J. A., Nalabandian, M., O’Brien, J., League, A., & Warmbrod, L. (2019). Global Health security index. Nuclear Threat Initiative.
    • Covello, V. T. (2006). Risk communication and message mapping: A new tool for communicating effectively in public health emergencies and disasters. Journal of Emergency Management, 4(3), 25-40.
    • Covello, V. T. (2020). Strategies for overcoming challenges to effective risk communication. In Handbook of risk and crisis communication (pp. 143-167). Routledge.
    • De Coninck, D., d'Haenens, L., & Matthijs, K. (2020). Forgotten key players in public health: news media as agents of information and persuasion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health, 183, 65.
    • Frenkel, S., Alba, D., & Zhong, R. (2020). Surge of virus misinformation stumps Facebook and Twitter. The New York Times, 8.
    • GHolamali, A. (2021). Letters to the Editor. Health Psychology9(36), -. doi: 10.30473/hpj.2021.7574.)In Persian(
    • Gollust, S. E., Fowler, E. F., & Niederdeppe, J. (2019). Television news coverage of public health issues and implications for public health policy and practice. Annual Review of Public Health, 40, 167-185.
    • Grimmer, J., & Stewart, B. M. (2013). Text as data: The promise and pitfalls of automatic content analysis methods for political texts. Political analysis, 21(3), 267-297.
    • Holladay, S. J. (2010). Are they practicing what we are preaching? An investigation of crisis communication strategies in the media coverage of chemical accidents. The handbook of crisis communication, 159-180.
    • https://pathwaycommunication.com/four-theories-at-the-heart-of-risk-high-concern-and-crisis-communication/
    • Human Development Report 2020. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/eg/hdr_2020_overview_english.pdf
    • Hyer, R. N., & Covello, V. T. (2007). Effective media communication during public health emergencies: a WHO field guide. World Health Organization.
    • Javaheri, F. (2014). An exploration of transparency of medical errors: The case of medical institutions in Iran. Journal of Iranian Social Studies8(1), 22-48. )In Persian(
    • Karimi, Behzad. (1397). "Content analysis of evaluations of the organization's news departments with emphasis on the national news departments and the news network ", report of the research project of the internal bulletin, General Directorate of Education of the Broadcasting Organization. )In Persian(
    • Krause, N. M., Freiling, I., Beets, B., & Brossard, D. (2020). Fact-checking as risk communication: the multi-layered risk of misinformation in times of COVID-19. Journal of Risk Research, 23(7-8), 1052-1059.
    • Masoudi, O. A. (2017). Investigating the factors of audience trust in news programs on the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of News Sciences, 6(21), 31-50. )In Persian(
    • Miller, L. J., & Lu, W. (2019). These are the world's healthiest nations. Bloomberg, 24.
    • Miller, M., & Solomon, G. (2003). Environmental risk communication for the clinician. Pediatrics, 112(Supplement_1), 211-217.
    • Mohammadi, Samira. (2019). "Health and prevention do not precede treatment, the small share of health news in news agencies", 23 Bahman, https://www.ana.press/news/563455. )In Persian(
    • Movahed, M., Khoshnod, H., & Moaven, Z. (2022). Representing the state of corruption in media discourse Critical Discourse Analysis of the Iranian Press in the 1990s. Cultural Studies & Communication17(65), 159-185. )In Persian(
    • Nejati, M., Saraby, S., & Bagherpoor, P. (2019). Providing Executive Solutions for Trusting Agents in IR Iran News From the perspective of professors, managers and media reporters. Media Studies14(46), 77-98. )In Persian(
    • Otterpohl, M. (2019). Die mediale Rahmung von Krisenkommunikation (Doctoral dissertation, Freie Universitaet Berlin (Germany).
    • Perse, E. M. (2001). Media effects and society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
    • Planetary pressures–adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI) https://hdr.undp.org/planetary-pressures-adjusted-human-development-index#/indicies/PHDI
    • Post, S., Bienzeisler, N., & Lohöfener, M. (2021). A desire for authoritative science? How citizens’ informational needs and epistemic beliefs shaped their views of science, news, and policymaking in the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Understanding of Science, 30(5), 496-514. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625211005334
    • Sarabi, Saeed; Hassanlou, Mahmoudreza. (2016). "Reviewing the performance of Khabar network based on trust-building criteria from experts' point of view", Fourth International Conference on Media Management In date 2017-10-30 by Iran, Tehran. )In Persian(
    • Sharifi, S. M., & Nezami, P. (2019). Media popularity, a tool for advancing new dissemination activities of social media. Rasaneh30(2), 5-25. )In Persian(
    • Shmas, M., Minavand, M. G., & Sabouri, S. (2020). News Coverage of Crisis by Iranian State TV (IRIB) Case Study: Plasco Crisis Reported by News Channel. Rasaneh30(4), 29-48. )In Persian(
    • Silverblatt, A., Ferry, J., & Finan, B. (2015). Approaches to media literacy: A handbook. Rutledge. Translator: Amir Yazdian. Radio of  the Islamic Republic of Iran, Islamic Research Center. )In Persian(
    • Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2005). Research in Mass Media. Translated: Kavous Seyed Emami. Translator: Kavos Seyyed Emami. Soroush Publications. (The original work was published in 2005). )In Persian(
    • World Health Organization. (2020). Risk communication and community engagement readiness and response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19): interim guidance, 19 March 2020 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/RCCE/2020.2).
    • Zhong, B. (2006). Searching for meaning: Multi-level cognitive processing of news decision making among U.S and chinese journalists (Doctoral dissertation).