https://www.jcsc.ir/ Cultural Studies & Communication en daily 1 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.jcsc.ir/article_733636.html Social fragility refers to a pre-crisis condition in which a society, as a result of the simultaneous erosion of normative capacities, institutional legitimacy, and social coordination, gradually loses its effective ability to regulate tensions, manage conflicts, and absorb shocks, without yet descending into overt disorder, widespread violence, or institutional collapse. Drawing on classical and contemporary theoretical frameworks and using international data-driven evidence, this article offers a conceptual reappraisal and an empirical analysis of social fragility in Iran. The findings indicate that social fragility in Iran is not the outcome of sudden shocks, but rather the product of cumulative and gradual processes rooted in structural inequality, weak governance, declining legitimacy, and the erosion of social capital. Trend analysis based on the Global Risk Assessment Index (IRI) and OECD reports shows that over the past decade Iran has shifted from a moderate level of fragility toward a high and borderline fragile condition, which has become relatively persistent since 2019. Overall, the results place contemporary Iran in a pre-crisis, near-fragility state: a condition that has not yet evolved into a full-blown crisis, but in which the society’s safety margin has been significantly reduced. Exiting this condition requires simultaneous intervention at three interconnected levels—reducing structural economic pressures, restoring the legitimacy and effectiveness of governance, and rebuilding social capital and public trust—within the framework of a comprehensive, data-driven policy roadmap. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_733799.html This article examines and compares the thematic orientations of two dominant discourses within the Iranian humanities and social sciences concerning the "Twelve-Day War". The first data set comprises 60 speeches and sessions by academic critics and unofficial analysts, gathered from the Iranian Sociological Association and the University of Tehran. The second set consists of 30 speeches, interviews, and articles representing the official and Principlist (conservative) discourse, primarily sourced from the Research Institute of Islamic Art and Culture, national broadcasting (IRIB), and specialized publications.The research period covers the aftermath of the war through October 2025. Utilizing Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method, 14 primary themes were identified for the first group and 7 for the second, each supported by four sub-themes.The findings indicate that these two discourses offer fundamentally distinct conceptualizations of the concept of "Iran". The two groups exhibit clear divergences regarding the ontology of war, the definition of human and society, the pathology of governance, and issues pertaining to women and the family. Ultimately, based on these distinctions, the article presents potential scenarios for the future of Iran, warning against the implications of a "mono-narrative" (one-eyed) approach to national issues. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_732964.html This study examines the role of Iranian government media policies in shaping both the scope and nature of mainstream media engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 Iranian journalists directly involved in news reporting and content production throughout the pandemic period (2019–2022). Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the interview data. Findings reveal that government policies manifested in several forms: advisory warnings and pre-publication censorship regarding coverage of crisis red lines, instrumental and propagandistic approaches by crisis authorities toward official media, information secrecy, news concealment, and dissemination of distorted data, restricted access to and limited accountability of crisis authorities, and centralization of crisis communication and media management. These findings underscore the influence of extra-media gatekeeping by political actors and governing institutions, as well as the effects of political pressures including censorship, fear of reprisal, coercion and intimidation by state actors, regulatory interventions, intertwined economic and political interests of media organizations, and deliberate management and manipulation of information under state media policies. Moreover, the results reflect the pervasive impact of an authoritarian normative system on the official media landscape in Iran, shaping both the content and practices of mainstream media during the crisis. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_247140.html Abstract: As early as the first half of the 20th century, sociologists became fascinated to study individuals and groups as sources of authority. These groups and individuals have played a crucial role in mimicking actions and adopting thinking of people and when it comes to young people, the influence of others becomes specifically effective. This study examines the social and cultural factors affecting celebrity authority among young people in Shiraz. Our statistical society was comprised of young people in the city of Shiraz and we employed clustered sampling to get a sample of 623 participants. Our results showed that socioeconomic status (0.45), belief in the value system (-0.37), social capital (-0.29), religiosity ((-0.46), and cultural capital (-0.46) are correlated with celebrity authority. Regression analysis showed that 29 percent of change in celebrity authority is explained by independent variables. Our study provides insights as to how celebrity culture is consumed and experienced among young people in Shiraz, and more importantly, how young people are inclined to follow celebrity advice on different issues. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_40512.html This research was conducted with the aim of designing an extension of cultural diplomacy with a case study of Iran and Italy. It is a descriptive applied research with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Initially, through the study of previous theories and studies, a relatively comprehensive understanding of the common cultural areas was carried out with a qualitative approach and a preliminary framework was provided, completed and finalized with the Delphi method. After two rounds, questionnaires containing nine areas were prepared by the researcher and the statistical population of this study - 29 Iranian and Italian experts in cultural affairs including diplomats, ambassadors, university professors and cultural activists - were asked to questionnaire questions in the form of a Likert spectrum. The components and indicators of the questionnaire were: common cultural areas (including geography, civil and historical affiliations, justice-oriented discourses and national and international interests), formal and informal cultural communication, culture and language education, scientific and research centers , communication technology, cultural / artistic heritage, culture and arts and sports . Following the third round of the Delphi method, the data was entered into the software and analyzed. The results suggest that in the present situation, the only area that has contributed to the development of cultural Iran/Italy's diplomacy is the cultural elements and domains. It is important in the optimal conditions of other components and indicators, and therefore, it should be considered in formulating a model for the development of diplomacy between the two countries. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_44006.html The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using virtual social networks in the process of teaching and learning. This study was conducted by systematic review method. Articles were searched using the keywords social networks, education, learning, academic achievement, academic performance, teaching and learning. To search for Persian articles, the databases of Jihad Daneshgahi, the comprehensive database of humanities, the database of national journals and the database of Noor specialized journals were used, and to search for English articles, the databases of Google Scholar, Proquist, Science Direct and Elsevier were used. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were included in the study. Findings showed that most of the studies have shown the positive effects of using social networks for academic success, relationships, teacher active participation, acquisition of new information, formative assessment, language learning, learners' relationship with content and teachers, increasing self-efficacy, facilitating They have expressed more interest in learning. Few articles have reported the negative impact of using social media on learners' academic achievement and interpersonal relationships. A number of articles have also mentioned that the optimal use of social networks in education is subject to prior planning, privacy and removal of technical limitations of social networks. The findings also showed the types of general and educational applications of social networks and types of learners' network interactions such as inclusive communication with the learner, teacher, peer, etc. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_246615.html This research has been investigated in order to evaluate the explanation of social determinants of corporate social responsibility fulfillment (Case study: public relations of Iranian enterprises). For this purpose, two methods, qualitative and quantitative, have been used. In the qualitative section, interviews with experts in the field of public relations and social responsibility have been conducted. The main components of the research have been identified using Max QD software and then a questionnaire. Paired comparisons were prepared and distributed among experts related to this issue and using fuzzy dimtel method, effective and influential factors of research-related components were identified and it was determined that the main components of social responsibility, public relations activities, public relations model and The policies and guidelines of the organization have been identified as influential factors, and finally, by ranking the relevant indicators, suggestions have been made that can pave the way for public relations in fulfilling their social responsibility. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_731651.html This research aims to analyze the process of problem identification and thesis topic selection in the field of communication sciences at Allameh Tabatabaei and Tehran Universities. The present research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using "theme analysis" as a data classification technique and "discourse analysis" as a framework for analyzing and interpreting the findings. Data were collected and analyzed through 15 semi-structured interviews with thesis supervisors in this field. The findings show that problem-solving is not a purely rational/exploratory process, but rather an arena of discursive struggle. Students engage in strategies such as “low-risk,” “social capital,” “fashionability,” and “instrumental rationality.” These actions take place within a structure shaped by academic norms, institutional/political constraints, and the mediating role of professors, and are influenced by dominant discourses such as the political climate and technological developments (such as artificial intelligence). The consequence of this complex interaction is mainly the reproduction of “academic routine” and the transformation of the dissertation into a “bureaucratic task” rather than an opportunity for the production of problem-oriented knowledge. The discourse analysis of the data shows that the university, as a Bourdieuian “field”, has fallen into the trap of discourses of power and has lost its original mission in relation to social issues. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_733889.html The main purpose of this research is to identify "factors affecting the usage of smartphone devices among journalists in Iran" through the modeling of structural equations. The research methodology has been used as a basis for research, and in some sections it has been used to classify the definitions in terms of experts. The unit of observation "person" and the unit of analysis have been selected at two levels: individual and group. The researcher selected a total of 400 individuals as random samples. He has classified smartphone functions in journalism according to expert opinion in two categories: "communicative usage" and "networking usage". According to the results, "Age" has an adverse effect on the usage of smartphones among journalists in Iran and is not effective on the "manner" of using smartphones. "Field of study" is not effective on the "amount" and "manner" of using smartphone, but "media literacy" is effective on the "amount" and "manner" of using smartphones between journalists in Iran. The variables of "digital literacy", "Internet access speed", "phone facilities", "Diffusion of Innovations level" and "use and gratification" affect the "amount" of smartphone use among journalists in Iran, and about the "manner" of effective usage is not. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_724930.html Television, as one of the most basic mass media in the production and distribution of knowledge in the world, is used to present the teachings of religious elites. In this study, the researcher analyzed religion in the popular TV series doodkesh1. This research, looking at the six dimensions of "religiosity" from the perspective of Ninian Smart, Louis Althusser's theory of "ideology and ideological structures of stste", and the concepts of identification and popular series, how religious messages influence identification and The subjectivity of the audience of television series has been discussed. In this research, by using semiotics method, John Fisk's three-level model and Saussure's coexistence and succession axis, religious messages in the popular series of doodkesh1 have been analyzed. Although this series is in the socio-family and humorous genre, the research findings show that these series have religious signs and messages (chain of signs) in five categories: 1- The bitter end of bad deeds, which is in an implicit way, a prohibition of a non-religious act or a recommendation for a religious act. 2- The happy end of good deeds, which is the confirmation of religious practice and, in an implicit way, the prohibition of non-religious practice. 3- Presenting religious concepts, such as something inherent, natural, general and timeless. 4- Providing religious messages directly to the audience. 5- Presenting messages centered on the presence of the clergy or in a religious place or situation can be checked. It has been displayed as religious signs or messages (chain of religious signs). https://www.jcsc.ir/article_698495.html Ideological apparatuses and mechanisms always try to impose spurious recognition and formulate an imaginary relationship in the minds of social actors. Cinema, in the form of the official narrative and the alienating apparatus of power, and in order to maintain the dominant political and discourse unity, can represent the rejection and denial of certain bodies and voices from the public sphere. The "alienation" of the subaltern as a form of "identity policy", and in contrast to the recognition policy, reduces the issues to defective minds and damaged characters. Any attempt to restore the political community requires reversing the hierarchy that prioritizes the official documents and narratives. "Reverse reading" of the different types of texts produced by the official and dominant narrative makes it possible to see and highlight the repressed and marginalized sections of community. It also reveals the arrangements and mechanisms of the reproduction of the exclusion and repression. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_243285.html A dispute is the most probable incident under any contract. Had all disputes shown up in formal courts, not only business relations would have been damaged, but also the justice system might be overwhelmed. Thus, where alternative peaceful dispute resolution mechanisms are applicable, the long-term relations may survive disputes and the business can be saved. This article utilizes a socio-legal research method in order to investigate the cultural implications of constant business communication of parties on sustaining good relations among them and encourage them to employ alternative mechanisms. The research concludes then that the mechanisms will boost the culture of dialogue and the feeling of social trust between parties in the course of implementing business contracts. It also would deter disputes to be raised to the courts. Oil contracts are chosen to be the case study of this project considering the unique historic background of oil in Iran and its big share in the economy. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_40351.html One of the most controversial issues and challenges facing marketing activities in organizations is the lack of ethics in marketing activities. Ethical criteria in each society are based on their culture and Customs. Since our society is an Islamic society, this paper attempts to develop a comprehensive model for identifying ethical audit scales in marketing activities from the point of view of Islam. The research in the field of Islamic human sciences is inductive and has been carried out in the form of thematic analysis using reliable Islamic texts. The results showed that 180 initial statement on the subject in the Islamic texts were extracted. After integrating similarities and removing some unbiased identifiers, 32 themes and indexes in the form of the four themes of Islamic pricing (NAJSH Forbidden, Negation of price discrimination, Expensive selling, maintenance Mutual benefits...) Islamic promotion) Keep the promise, Destroy the competitor brand, Avoiding the lack of complete information, Simple Living, Avoiding unnecessary consumption, Transparent clear message…). Islamic distribution (negating the use of unnecessary intermediaries, creating value added by intermediaries, negating the necessary goods for people, product delivery on time). And ultimately, Islamic products (non-stabilization rules, non-waste rules, the production of high quality products, the prohibition of Ghashh in production, the principle of public requirements, the prohibition of GARAR, etc.) has been extracted. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_243951.html This study compares the structure of fake news coverage with an emphasis on the cultural domain in the eight media and compares the structure and the manner of covering the fake news with an emphasis on the cultural domain in the eight media. This research is a descriptive-analytic one with content analysis method and its data in library method and study of existing documents, as well as content analysis of Fars news agency sites, Young Journalists Club, Tabnak news sites. Iran Era News Database, News Telegram Channels. the newsroom is Hamshahri newspapers and Jam Jam. The findings of the study show that among the selected news sources of the study, the cinema component with the average of 3.69 had the highest amount of fake news coverage. Also, the radio and television components averaged 2.73 and the media averaged 3.21 the most fake news coverage used in the selected news sources. books and reading have also been used as the lowest news coverage of fake news, with an average of 0.27 https://www.jcsc.ir/article_40352.html Purpose of this study was investigate the role of telegram social networking in knowledge sharing in cyberspace. Research method was post-event descriptive. The statistical population was postgraduate students at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2016-2017academic year. The sampling method was random. The sample size according to the Kregci-Morgan model was 210 persons. To collect data, virtual social networking and Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire was used. Validity of tools was confirmed by professors of education and psychology and with the statistical software Spss vs. 22 and multivariate analysis of variance was analyzed. The results showed that the Separate effect of the use of telegram network on the knowledge sharing, control beliefs, willingness to share knowledge and knowledge sharing behavior is significant and its effect on the Attitude to sharing of knowledge and normative beliefs is not significant. Separate gender effects on knowledge sharing behavior is significant and not significant on other components. Also, the effect of interaction of gender and social telegram usage on control beliefs and the willingness to share knowledge is significant, and is not meaningful on other components. The Telegram's network, in the relationships it has shaped, has promoted the sharing of knowledge sharing practices by graduate students in cyberspace. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_242636.html The present study aims to provide a media literacy model to increase the immunity of social network users and is a qualitative and fundamental research. Using the background method, the opinions of 23 experts were obtained in the form of in-depth semi-structured interviews. Individuals were selected from the theoretical sampling method and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. After converting the interviews to text, line-by-line analysis for open coding began, and while expanding the concepts and categories, axial and selective coding was performed. Validity was assessed by sending the results to specific participants and the participants' approval strategy, as well as sending the results to 5 related faculty members who did not participate in the interviews. The results of this study showed that creating and strengthening positive background conditions and adopting strategies extracted in the model, consequences such as user protection, creating a critical community, promoting belonging, self-openness, social security, modern life experience, strengthening national identity, strengthening identity Religion includes breaking down negative emotions, reducing depression, creating social order, enhancing book reading, paying attention to sports, maintaining privacy, and strengthening cultural identity for social media users. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_250826.html Iranian society has undergone many changes in recent decades, especially in the field of new communication technologies, which have affected family interactions. Unhealthy communication on social media plays a major role in marital infidelity, which is a painful event for women. Unfaithfulness, as one of the main causes of marital incompatibility and divorce, has detrimental effects not only on the family system but also on women's cognitive system. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the emotional cognitive impairments of women affected by infidelity. This study was performed quantitatively and the sample consisted of women affected by the unfaithfulness of their husbands living in Tehran. For this purpose, 90 women were selected with a complaint of marital infidelity. All subjects completed the Garnefsky Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Chi-square 2 was used to compare the two groups. The results showed that women with less experience of husband's infidelity use less effective coping styles and use inefficient coping more. Thus, reforming women's coping styles in the face of this family crisis can reduce its adverse effects on the institution of the family and society as a whole. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_40580.html The discourse theory holds that the social world is understood through discourse in the sense of meaning, and discourses construct distinct semantic systems in various respects in light of what society calls on them. This study aims to provide a theoretical framework based on Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse Theory in order to identify divergences and convergences of the JCPOA-related discourses in the form of the "official/State" and "Conservative" discourses in the media outlets, supported them while trying to establish a system of meaning. Content of five media outlets was selected and assessed in three periods of Iranian calendar 1394, 1395 and 1396 to 13th Aban 1397.The field of research is divided into Micro (linguistic and lexical topics) and Macro (discursive applications) levels.The results of study suggest that both discourses depend heavily on empty signifiers. Formal/State discourse follows this same strategy of the elements and empty signifiers in the field of discursivity. In the first and second eras, the Conservative discourse took a more proactive approach and exploited ideological moments. In the second era, both sides changed their discourse array.Conservative discourse took Nodal Point from the field of discursivity of the competing discourse. In the third era, however, both discourses were focused on floating signifiers. In the field of language-foregrounding and backgrounding mechanism, positive and negative representations aimed at the dual construction of the "legitimate self" and the "illegitimate other" are on the agenda of both discourses and the main method is in the form of referential strategies. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_40587.html Disabled are identity minorities who are always involved in the attitudes of others in society. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the attitude of citizens towards disability. This type of research is developmental and applied. Because it seeks to develop knowledge about the attitude of the disability. And it is useful because the results of this study can be useful to policy makers in the field of disability. The present research strategy is based on qualitative studies. Given that this research is exploratory, descriptive and explanatory, the study is a single-sectional one. The method of data collection of this research is through in-depth interviews. The researcher used thematic analysis. The researcher identified different aspects of the attitude towards the disability in three general themes: Emotional, cognitive, and action-ready themes that each had its own themes. The emotional theme has themes of compassion, a sense of being overwhelmed and of being overlooked, Cognitive themes include the sub-themes of not understanding abilities and of not understanding disability and Preparedness for action includes themes of unfriendliness, disrespectful behavior and unpleasant behavior. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_43262.html Based on the Discourse Theory Ahmad Shamlou should be taken as a political, historical and literal phenomena. The theoretical basis of this article comes from a synthesis of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe and Quentin Skinner's ideas. Based on the Discourse Theory 'Subjects' are 'Political'. This article distinguishes between the 'Ontic' and 'Ontological' level of the analysis and methodologically has seen Ahmad Shamlou's writings at 'Macro Level'. Drawn on the discourse theory I have tried to analyze Ahamad Shamlou's life and ideas in its political and historical context. The central idea and research strategy of this article, drawn on the Discourse Theory, is that I have first taken one or two central concepts from Ahmad Shamlou's writings and second I have suggested one central concepts that I believe it was the main demand of Iranian society for almost a century which is the concept of freedom. Then I have related these two methodologically. I have called Ahamd Shamlou the Poet of Freedom. I believe without the concept of freedom and without reading of Iranian political history understanding of Ahmad Shamlou is very difficult, if not impossible. This article then believes that Ahmad Shamlou has represented the contemporary Iranian society's political demands and expectations. Analyzing and interpreting this relation, the relation between text and context is the aim of this article. This article believes that all social and literary subjects are political and also believes that every 'text' should be seen within the 'context'. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_44289.html in this space the fear of moral invasions and lack of psychological- cultural security from baseless and inconsistent information and the influx of Iranian-Islamic culture as well as a variety of financial fraud and economic damage can be felt. It is anticipated that the release of any disinformation with unmoral content or counter-cultural or religious basis has threatened society, and endangers the safety and security of society. This is also true about the economic and financial activities. Thus, society and cyberspace require security. It seems that one of the ways to increase the security in social networking as an important part of cyberspace is to increase social capital. In this research, media literacy is employed as an example of social capital in cyberspace. This study aims to prove the issue that, the increase in media literacy of users can lead to increase in users security in social networks. The population of this study includes human science students of Arak Islamic Azad University which 329 students were randomly selected as statistical sample. The obtained results indicated that, there is a strong significant relationship between media literacy and public security of students on social networks with a correlation coefficient 649 / Kendal Taub. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_243288.html Abstract: Due to the growing expansion of using information and communication technology (ICT) in all aspects of human life, especially in social and economic fields, it is necessary to know the manner and status of how people use it and What variables and factors affect it. Thus, in this article, results of the survey on ICT access and use by households and individuals of Iran (2017), as a last available data, are analyzed with regression methods to study the influential variables and factors in the Internet usage and online shopping. Number of purchases are expressed as the variable y from m goods. Online shopping as a response variable, includes life essential goods, entertainment, educational and cultural services. In this regard, the impact variables and factors such as urban or rural, gender, age, literacy, education and activity status are studied on the response variable. It is worth mentioning that due to the hierarchical structure of the data and the lack of independency assumption, the multilevel regression model with two-sentence response has been used. Results show that two-level regression model with binomial response for hierarchical data has a better performance. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_243438.html Media management is one of newly established topics in interdisciplinary studies, especially in the field of audio-visual media. Therefore, few studies have been done on T.V news production management. The very few researchers who study T.V news management usually look at the topic with an outsider’s eye. This paper aims to identify the factors affecting the communication management of TV newsroom to provide a suitable model for the case study of the IRIB newsroom as a study platform. The current research is based upon subjects related to the different communication theories and Actor-‌Network Theory to discover the interactions and relationships between human and nonhuman actors in the newsroom as the network. Grounded Theory was used to collect and analyze data. 34 journalists and managers of IRIB newsroom were purposefully selected as sample. To achieve the results, the researcher has conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews, observations and collected documentation related to the research questions. It is found that organizational structure and culture, motivation and employee satisfaction, leadership and management styles, and most importantly, new technologies are the factors affecting the T. V newsroom communication management, and with changing communication, news production practices and management impact news management practices and speed. Meanwhile, they have provided the news practitioner with more opportunities to increase the amount of news production, interaction of news workers, and exchange of experience and knowledge within the framework of their environment. At the end, according to the research findings, the model of news communication management in IRIB newsroom was presented. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_244431.html Media literacy is an issue that considers the audience's ability to understand how the media works and the sensemaking methods in them, and is trying to transform this analysis into a habit and task for the audience. Accordingly, the novelty and innovative of this concept has led to the global attention to modeling based on the needs of the audience and in this regard the present study has presented a model based on the country's native conditions. In this article, after introducing the concept of media literacy, emphasizing on the study method based on qualitative design by Grounded theory method and by extensive study of the leading countries patterns in this field by conducting fifteen semi-structured deep interviews with professors and experts in relevant fields and after content analysis, data were adjusted in three steps. The research results show that the model is based on 6 sections: 1- Elements of media literacy promotion include three levels: macro (including improving teaching methods, coherence and collective attitude in policy making and planning, creating national Internet,etc.), intermediate level (including group interaction with peers, training of educators and families), and micro level (including technological cognition, epistemological cognition, media cognition and content production) 2- Background factors (including individual characteristics and backgrounds), 3- Effective factors (categories of macro, intermediate and micro level factors), 4- Interventional factors (such as the role of government, laws and regulations), 5- Strategies (including Educational strategies, culture building, planning and implementation), and 6- Consequences (such as economic, social, cultural, political, etc.). https://www.jcsc.ir/article_711571.html Today, addiction is not only limited to the use of drugs and alcohol, but also includes other addictive behaviors such as cyberspace addiction, which deserves consideration. Virtual addiction is defined in the form of mismanagement in the use of this technology and excessive and out-of-control use, which is associated with negative consequences. Therefore, many studies have been conducted in the field of virtual addiction, especially in recent years. But the basic problem of most of these studies is the lack of mastery over all aspects of the problem. Mixed research using the meta-analytical approach is a response to this gap. Based on this, the purpose of the current research is to apply the meta-analysis method in order to combine and analyze the results of the studies conducted on the psychological factors affecting virtual addiction. For this purpose, 21 research documents on the psychological factors affecting virtual addiction were selected for review. In the meta-analysis process, in the first step, the assumptions of no publication bias and the homogeneity of the studies were checked, and the results showed heterogeneity in the report of the effect size in all studies, and on the other hand, the lack of publication bias was confirmed. Next, the effect size coefficient of psychological factors affecting virtual addiction was evaluated by using the second version of 2CMA software. The findings showed that the combined effect size of the psychological factors affecting virtual addiction is equal to 0.216,ical factors. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_45612.html Abstract This article examines the coverage of social damages in both Keyhan and Iran newspapers in order to reduce and prevent social damages, which requires identifying and explaining the types of damages, identifying preventive methods and their advantages and disadvantages. This study seeks to answer the question of how both Iran and Keyhan newspapers have covered the news of social damage in their event pages. Since the unit of analysis; news and content about of social injuries, so all the contexts related to the types of injuries are extracted from Keyhan and Iran newspapers events page 97, as a statistical population and as a research variable. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Sampling Method is classified type, so that 48 issues of one year, 6 issues from each of the two newspapers were randomly selected. The findings of the study indicate that each social issue originates from the roots and factors related to different aspects of social life and each solution requires consideration in different directions. Due to the impact of the press and the media on shaping and directing public opinion, it is necessary to review their positioning in the event of accidents and crimes. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_46733.html Advances in new technologies in communication and media have created a new phase in that called postmodernism. Baudrillard is the postmodern thinkers who takes a critical look at this situation. He describes the postmodern situation in American society by proposing concepts of pretense and hyper reality, The novel "Suspended Darkness of the Day" has the story of some young people active in the field of media and cyberspace. In this narrative she takes a critical look at the issue of media performance in the production and distribution of news content and how to shape the world of audiences through this content In a descriptive-analytical way. this research seeks to examine the attitude of the "novel of the suspended darkness of the day" to the issues of media and cyberspace with a critical view. To do this Baudrillard's model of media functionality and the concepts of pretense and surrealism will be used. The result of reading the novel also shows that the media in today's world, by using the concept of hyper reality and by presenting numerous meaningless signs, have an irreplaceable role in constructing the bio-world of the audience. The most important aspects of this in the novel are manifested in the forms of "distortion of reality", "secrecy" and "hyper-reality" and one of the examples of that character is "Rahana", a Kurdish girl whose image has no relation with her reality in the world. Only in a society of meaningless signs is the unreal represented in the form of reality. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_46903.html The main purpose of the present research is to understand the social and cultural context of the ethnocentrism, and its discursive and semantic implications in the Balochistan of Iran. The results of this ethnographic research show that ethnocentrism among the baloch tribes can be understand from two perspective; First, this phenomenon can be considered as essential mechanism for maintaining the baloch communities in the face of the real or imagination threat of the neighbor groups that they perceive as foreigners or enemies; and that it can be seen as instrumental in the hands of the baloch chieftains in order to preserve the supremacy and reproduce their high status in the local political power structure. The findings, more specifically, show that the ethnocentrism and self-orientation of the baloch tribes, following of various discursive and semantic implications, has always been in the baloch's life. We have discussed this in several main categories; these are: 1) Dignity of the Territory and preservation of it; 2) The sequence of battle with real or imagined enemies; 3) Strengthening, consolidating and promoting the idea of ethnic superiority against the humiliation of others; 4) Preserving and reproducing myths, symbols and proud ethnic memories. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_47041.html This research aims at designing a cultural entrepreneurship development model in the Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization of Semnan Province, in 2019. This is an applied, exploratory-mixed study (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the research includes 30 cases selected through purposive sampling from the professional experts in the field of entrepreneurship, cultural management, and tourism of the Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization of Semnan Province. Due to the limitations of the statistical population, the sample size in the quantitative part was selected and questioned equal to its total (91 cases). The qualitative part of the research was carried out using interviews and the quantitative part using questionnaires. The findings were validated based on the experts’ opinions and the reliability of the instruments was assessed by Cronbach's Alpha and the results equaled 0.88%. Theme Analysis was employed for data analysis and resulted in developing 5 principal dimensions (improving marketing skills, improving personal skills, improving cultural context, improving innovation, and improving structure) plus 26 components. The Structural Equation modeling using Amos-24 was employed for fitting the detected model. The results revealed that all components had a good factor loading. The standard coefficient of all dimensions was at a good level, i.e. marketing skills (0.54), personal skills improvement (0.62), cultural context improvement (0.45), innovation improvement (0.59), and structure improvement (0.37). In general, the proposed model had good fitness . https://www.jcsc.ir/article_242539.html Many analysts believe that the formation of the Safavid government in Iran led to the formation and reproduction of elements, institutions and contexts that the subsequent governments of Iran are based on and are considered a continuation of the same structure and context. But this issue would not have been possible without continuity in the strategic culture of Iran and also the active role of specific archetypes of Iranian culture. The question is what was the role and influence of these cultural archetypes as well as the strategic culture of Iran in the rise of the Safavid and the acceptance and deepening of their legitimacy? The overall result of the study shows that the continuation and reproduction of some components of Iranian strategic culture (such as Messianism or Fatalism) along with the deepening of some archetypes of Iranian culture (such as God's support of Iranian kings or godly man) during the rise of the Safavid led to acceptance Their legitimacy has been expanded and deepened in order to revive the national government and the independent country of Iran. The research method in this paper is historical-comparative and its approach is cultural-sociological. The main purpose of this article is not only to study the emergence and acceptance of Safavid legitimacy but also to analyze and explain the role of Iranian Strategic Culture in accepting Safavid legitimacy as a basis for subsequent governments in Iran. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_243357.html This research compares the traditional and new media's role in the development of knowledge-based companies. In terms of purpose and data collection, this research is a practical and descriptive study, respectively. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this research consists of all employees and specialists in the field of knowledge companies. Using Cochran's formula and random sampling method, 384 samples was selected in this study. The results show that Internet base media has more influence on "educational development" and "information development" relative to traditional media. But in other areas, such as cultural development, guidance, economic development, political development, strategic development, traditional media, including television, has a more influential role. These positions are different from traditional media. The "culture building" roll has precedence on knowledge-based companies' development. Then other component priority is "intelligence", "guidance", "educational", "political", "strategic", respectively. Therefore, the effect of traditional media on the knowledge-based companies' development is more than the Internet base media. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_244117.html In urban life and people, lifestyle is a concern, and how to live and how to consume are the questions.The main question of the present study is: What is the relationship between buying from megamalls and shopping centers as well as buying from local shops and consumerism? The statistical sample of the present study was 416 people from three shopping centers located in Tehran and local shops within a 500-m radius from these shopping malls. The three megamalls and shopping centers were. The respondents were selected in shopping malls and local shops using a systematic sampling method, taking into account their age and sex. The results of the hypotheses test showed that referring to megamalls and shopping centers impacted specific consumption taste has a direct impact while actual consumption and taste of general consumption have an opposite effect. On the other hand, real consumption has a direct impact on popular consumption test and the taste of consumption. Furthermore, special consumption taste has a direct impact on the consumption of prestige and Specific Consumption Taste has a direct impact on the consumption of prestige. Accordingly, these commercial spaces convey a particular pattern of life and leisure to citizens, which is more inclined to more consumption https://www.jcsc.ir/article_244118.html The purpose of the present study was to validate the Internet Gratification Scale (IGS) for students including subscales namely, information seeking, exposure, connection, coordination, intertainment, and social influence. The communityof this research was all students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and the sample of the study were 261 and 311 in two study that were selected by random sampling and responded to the Internet Gratification Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS.16 and Amos.20 software. The results showed that the scale has a five-factor structure that explains 65.56% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed this structure. The internal consistency of the scale was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 and a doubling of 0.74. As a result, IGS seems to have a good validity and reliability in the student sample of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and can be used as a suitable scale for examining the Internet gratifications in students. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_245625.html One of the important topics in studies related to the media and its functions, especially the political functions of the media, is the discussion of "power and its relationship with the media.", the aim is to examine the relationship between power (media or symbolic) and media. And review of communication media policies in Iran after the Islamic Revolution and review of factors affecting communication media policies; Examine the nature and position of the media and its relationship to symbolic power. For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to provide a more accurate picture of the subject through a combined review of previous research, Findings indicate that communication is a form of social action and appears through the media. The media has symbolic power and has been able to influence the thoughts and minds of the audience and to create the changes intended by the government to a large extent. The media are the main tool for organizing the people, and they are the agents of those who exercise economic and political power. The policy of communication media has been to ensure freedom of expression and dissemination of ideas in accordance with Islamic norms and the interests of the country, as well as promotion at the level of political, social and cultural culture of the people. The media has influenced public opinion and has been able to play a significant role in the country's major policies such as political elections, political trust, economic actions. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_245945.html The purpose of this research is the study of the impact of the news on reaction to online advertising. Successful internet advertising is influenced by the effective processing of information. Therefore, it can be argued that news-oriented strategies, which are planned in light of the rapid processing of information and new news in order to take ad-vantage of the opportunities created and to prevent the damage caused by changes in the environment and the orientation of the target community, can greatly contribute to the achievement of the organization's goals. In this study, after discussing the issue and making hypotheses about the impact of people's reactions to online advertising, First, a library and a study of previous work and through inference and conclusion to prove the hypothesis. Continue to strengthen hypotheses, conducted a study on a news item published in the media and advertising related to this news by e-mail, data about the reaction using a simulated online store website, is collected. To do so, after the release, over a period of 14 days, each day promotional emails will be sent to 1,500 people. News releases and events conducted statistical analysis shows that the responsiveness of the Internet advertising there is a significant relationship. Based on these results, the highest response in the first 24 hours after the news was announced in the first week, the second week was much higher response level. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_246366.html The pervasiveness of social networks among poets has been accompanied by changes in production, distribution and consumption in the field of poetry and these changes cannot be ineffective in the situation of individuals and literary currents. This article is a qualitative study that examines the legitimacy of the so-called postmodern Ghazal movement on the basis of a part of Bourdieu's theoretical system (Based on the relationship between cultural capital and symbolic capital) and according to the above changes. Contemplating the articles that are in the manifesto of this current, it turns out that the use of the postmodern suffix for sonnets, (By Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, whom Wikipedia considers the father of postmodern lyric poetry) is an example of the forgery of symbolic capital Which is reflected in the repetition of words and phrases that have a high frequency in the words of postmodern critics and poets. In the second part, reflecting on Mousavi's Instagram page It turns out that the audience, not only plays a direct role in the poetry distribution cycle through "sharing" but also has had an undeniable effect on the distribution process by producing symbolic capital through likes and comments and promotes the poet's position in the literary field, a situation that derives its legitimacy from this symbolic capital. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_246482.html The purpose of this study is to design a media literacy model with emphasis on mobile learning of students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. First, the media literacy model with emphasis on mobile learning for students was designed by interpretive-structural modeling and then tested by structural equation modeling. The research community for the interpretive-structural modeling department of the group of experts includes university professors and media management researchers of 20 people who were available by snowball method. To test the designed model by modeling structural equations, 394 people from the statistical population of students studying at the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad were selected by stratified random sampling. Based on the theoretical literature of research and review of models along with the opinions of experts, attitude factors, mental norms and perceived behavioral control for the mobile learning variable and factors of knowledge and access, use and evaluation, critical understanding or analysis and content production for the literacy variable Media selected. The results of interpretive-structural modeling showed that the factor of "attitude" is the most effective factor that to improve media literacy, managers should prioritize its improvement. But the findings of modeling the structural equations of relationships and the effect of all factors confirmed the effect of "mental norms" on "access" and "critical understanding" on "content production". University administrators can focus on improving mobile learning by improving the identified gap. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_246520.html Abstract:Mobile phones are the initiators of a new era in the world of media. Traditional media has undergone many changes in both its structure and content level due to the diverse usages of mobile phones and features provided by this instrument for users."News" is one of the most common forms of content in the media. With mobile devices, it's now possible to produce, send, publish, receive and store news in written, audio and visual formats for all users with every level of skill. The present paper contains both theoretical and methodological analysis. In a methodological dimension inspired by similar studies, it has been tried to focus on the influences of mobile phones on news. In this section, methodological concepts of similar studies have been taken into account with a comparative approach. The second dimension attempts to introduce new types of news in journalism or mobile journalism. In the second section, evidencesfor the distinctionsbetween mobile journalism and other forms of journalism has been investigated. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_246859.html 568 / 5000Translation resultsIn recent years, the growth and development of new communication technologies and the exponential increase of the Internet penetration rate in Iran and under its protection, increasing the number of sites, blogs and information bases of women in this global network on the one hand and the formation of applications. Based on mobile phones, on the other hand, the ease of access to virtual social networks has attracted the special attention of users to these networks. The presence of women in this space as half of the influential population of the society is a considerable and the general purpose of the present article is a comparative study on the factors affecting unhealthy communication of women in virtual social networks in Tehran and Istanbul. This research is quantitative in nature, descriptive-survey and applied in purpose. The statistical population of this study is women living in Tehran and Istanbul. The statistical sample size of 384 people was determined and in order to collect information with a field approach, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. After confirming its validity and reliability, 192 questionnaires were used for distribution among Tehran women and 0% with the participation of women living in Istanbul. Based on the results of testing research hypotheses, between six components (easy, fast and unlimited communication, exposure to vulgar videos and images, devaluation of value concepts,Considering that all of the studied samples agreed with the presence of women in cyberspace and social networks it is necessary to provide appropriate https://www.jcsc.ir/article_247099.html The purpos of this study is to design and develop an apartment living productivity model in Mashhad. The present study is a combined exploratory exploration method based on qualitative and quantitative stages.By conducting open-ended interviews and in a quantitative section with a sample size of 384 households in all thirteen districts of Mashhad, multi-stage cluster sampling and random selection of samples were followed. MAXQDA software led to the discovery of the categories of social trust, social commitment, constructive social relations, social cooperation, new lifestyle,creating a sense of social security,cultural diversity and respect for collective living rights. The results of the application of confirmatory factor analysis show that the category of social trust with respect to the value of T statistic above 96.1 and also the high value of its factor load from the level of 0.5 is important to explain the culture of apartment living. is And in relation to other categories (social commitment, - 2/5), (social participation, 2.40 -),(constructive social relations, - 2/10), (cultural diversity, - 2.86 -), (social cooperation , 2.40 -), (feeling of social security, 2.00 -), (lifestyle, -1.71) and (observance of collective life rights, -1.73) due to the low and negative value of T statistic and factor load It can be said that the relationship between these categories is on the growth and promotion of apartment culture in reverse. That is, the lack of maximum of each of the exploratory categories leads to reduced growth and promotion of apartment culture among residents. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_249032.html The inherent feature of the fourth generation universities is realization of local and regional development and effort to improve their surrounding environment. With such an attitude,, this paper studies strategies for realization of the fourth generation universities. To achieve this goal, a qualitative method was used and semi-structured in-depth interviews were utilized to collect needed information. Then thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The statistical population of this study is experts in higher education management, social communication sciences, educational sciences, sociology, media management, and research assistants at universities, of which 18 people were purposefully selected. After the interviews, it became clear that given the economic, cultural, political and social environment of different societies, the same strategies can not be considered for the realization of the fourth generation university in absolute terms. Accordingly, upgrading Iranian universities to progressive generations and in line with the world's prestigious universities will not be possible without considering national conditions. According to the research results, in general, the strategies for realizing the fourth generation university are: restructuring the higher education system, setting flexible regulations under the goals of the fourth generation university, implementing policies commensurate with the capacities of universities, accountability, liberalizing the universities from all kinds of political and religious ideologies and avoiding utilitarianism, independence from the government, providing a platform for participatory communication, democratizing the promotion of science, and finally connecting the university with civil society. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_251163.html The concept of intercultural communication is one of the newest concepts in the field of culture and communication, which means that it seeks to identify, understand and adapt to the differences in communication between different cultures.There are many factors that have an impact on intercultural communication. Since the economy is very competitive today and is changing at a fast pace, having intercultural communication skills is a special competitive advantage. The proper understanding of the impact of intercultural communication on business-related business is very necessary. In each country there are people with personal behaviors and characteristics that are influenced by cultural variables, and in order to communicate constructively and positively with them, they must first recognize these variables and then consider them in communication processes at each level.With the rapid advances in communications and economics in different societies, The boundaries of geographical boundaries have been affected and increasingly human relationships, particularly in the field of economics, have been affected by intercultural communication.The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach to identify the role of intercultural communication in economic relations. In this regard, through semi-structured interviews with 8 cultural and economic experts, the main factors, factors and influential factors in intercultural communication in economic relations were extracted through the analysis of the topic of interviews and for ranking and extraction of dimensions and components of weight We used the AHP technique and eventually analyzed the data. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_252706.html The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social networking function on social evolution of young people in Islamic Azad University of Fars province. The statistical population of this study was all students of Islamic Azad University of Fars province. Required data were collected from a sample of 390 sample members through a questionnaire and using available sampling method from 390 sample members. In order to analyze the data, SPSS version 23 was used. It should be noted that underlying variables such as marital status (F = 2.66), academic status (F = -0.24) and social network type (F = 7.9) have a significant effect on social transformation. The results of multiple regression show that social networks and academic status were able to explain 0.68 of the dependent variable variations. The T value for social networks was equal (T = 17.52) with a significant (Sig.T = 0.000) and the coefficient of determination was 0. 67 in the first stage and the level of education with T (TL 31.2) =) And the significance (Sig.T = 0.021) and the coefficient of determination (0/68) were entered into the regression equation in the second stage and these two variables together could explain the value of 0.68 of the internal changes of the variable of social mobility. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_252862.html Political brands arise from the expectations, demands, needs and social-political conditions. In addition to the fact that the personal-political brand is in line with the collective will, it is known by two categories of physical and non-physical components. The first has an objective and visual aspect and is effective in the initial communication of the brand owner with the audience, While non-physical components are related to the internal identity of the brand and are reflected in its behavior. The internal and external identity elements of a personal brand must be harmonious and homogeneous. In this case, they will have a formal and content relationship with the social values. This article intends to find the values that are vital in creating the brand and designing a model which conceptually demonstrate branding in the political space within the government. To achieve this goal, based on the qualitative method, thematic analysis of biographies, images and promotional videos of four political superbrands of Iran as well as grounded theory analysis from the text of deep interview with 10 experts aware of personal-political branding in the fields of communication, brand politics, political marketing, visual communication, public relations,etc, were used for collecting and analyzing data. 334 themes were presented in a conceptual table, which ultimately led to a comprehensive model of 24 personal-political branding values. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_253011.html Considering the importance of media diplomacy for our country and the emergence of some weaknesses in this field, designing a persuasive model of media diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been determined as the goal of this study. In this regard, with a qualitative approach and the method of grounded theory, in-depth and open interviews were conducted with 17 top elites in the field of diplomacy and media. Then, during three stages of open, axial and selective coding, the data were analyzed and continuous comparisons were made between them, and finally, the desired pattern was extracted in the form of a paradigm model.Data analysis showed that the central phenomenon of this model is the persuasion of public opinion in the national interest. Also, the strategies of the persuasive model of media diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran include the government's persuasive relationship with the media, the promotion of the media globally, the use of the capacity of culture and civil society, the media and foreign elites.The important point is that the strength and efficiency of foreign policy is a prerequisite for success in media diplomacy in order to finally achieve national consensus and persuasion of activists and public opinion in this regard. The following is a more practical model that has operational strategies for promoting diplomacy, promoting the media, and improving relations between the two institutions, including a policy-making and coordinating staff that coordinates media-diplomacy activation https://www.jcsc.ir/article_254724.html In Iran, communication studies are media-driven, which has led to a lack of attention to interpersonal communication and a vacuum in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpersonal relationship between parents as the first social institution and adolescent girls and boys in the field of sex education. After studying 30 years of research on parent-adolescent relationships in the field of sexual issues, it can be found that these relationships have many problems and the most important reason is ignorance or social and cultural issues. Hence, adolescents tend to use other methods of gaining awareness as a source of sexual awareness.The study method is a qualitative method through in-depth and open interviews to examine the weakness of interpersonal relationships between parents and adolescents and provide a model to solve it. The obtained results are classified into three categories: family, educational and social. Finally, according to the results, one of the main reasons affecting sexual education in this study is the awareness of families, especially parents. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_705558.html National branding is an important concept in today's world.In the national branding process, countries are complex products in a very large market. Although in today's world, countries try to increase their international reputation, Iran has a very weak image in the country brand indices.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sociocultural behaviors on the six-component national branding, applying Anholt's National Branding Model and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.Two mediation variables were added to the structural model namely Iranian positive and negative cultural behaviors.The virtual Snowballing sampling method was used to collect 141 respondents.The results showed that among the six components of the national brand namely People, Tourism, Exports, Governance, Investment & Immigration, and Culture & Heritage "the cultural and heritage of the country" is the strongest, and "tourism " is the weakest component in Iran. The questionnaire was adapted and adopted from multiple sources. Exploratory factor analysis (SPSS software) and confirmatory factor analysis (smart PLS software) showed that the independent variable of "sociocultural behaviors" was extracted in 6 components (Iranian cultural behaviors, collective behaviors, individual behaviors, maintaining traditions and religiosity , Iranian personality, and Iranian fidelity) and the independent variable "national branding" were also extracted in five components(international image, national symbols , eminent Iranian figures, investment privileges, and climates).Overall, the results showed that "sociocultural behaviors" have a positive effect on the six-component of branding. There was also found that the "positive Iranian cultural behaviors" have a mediation effect on the relationship between sociocultural behaviors and the sixth- component of branding. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_706393.html Electoral campaigns have become more similar to commercial advertising campaigns, aiming to transfer the message to the target audiences in the most influencing way. by emergence of digital media and social networks, audiences have alternative choices and this has made the transfer of message more complicated and difficult than past. the present article has used thematic content analysis for interviews that conducted with practitioners of previous campaigns in the city of Rasht, extracted the effective factors for media mix of electoral campaigns. model of PESO is used as the theoretical framework for the research. findings are presented in 7 tables of content analysis, including axial and pivotal codings. it is expected that the results of this research will be used for designing more effective and influencing mix of media channels for transfer of campaigns' messages to the target audiences and also to resulted better means for introducing and evaluation of performance of media in political and electoral campaigns. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_708282.html If we consider the free access to information as a fundamental right, then the freedom of the media in a moral framework with responsibility is undoubtedly important. The media must act responsibly in exercising its freedom, otherwise it will have difficulty in reflecting reality to the public. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical. The research questions are what is media ethics, freedom and its responsibilities? To what extent can the media exercise its freedom? What are the ethical principles and norms of media activity? This article is presented in the form of three sections of discussion. In the first part, we examine the concept of media ethics. In the second part, the restrictions on freedom of expression and the dangers and obstacles in its way are studied. Finally, in the third section, individual, moral decisions and various pressures on journalists such as political, social and other pressures are analyzed. The conclusion is that media ethics include some norms and principles that are the criteria for measuring the correctness or incorrectness of media behavior. Thus, there are ethical norms and principles in the field of journalism that restrict the unrestricted freedom of the media and make it accountable for its coverage of the news. The principles and norms of media ethics include accuracy, accuracy, objectivity, impartiality, fairness and accountability to the public. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_708901.html AbstractAddiction and abuse of drugs is one of the most important harms and social issues that infects many people and is expanding with a significant acceleration. On the other hand, the media is a suitable tool for education, raising awareness and attracting public participation for the prevention of addiction. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the use of various media in the tendency to addiction. In terms of the purpose of the research, it is of an applied type, and in terms of the method of gathering information, the research method is survey. The statistical population of the current research consists of all citizens over 18 years of age in Ardabil, whose number is equal to 115,000 people. The sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula and 384 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect information, a questionnaire was made by the researcher and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the hypotheses. The results of the research showed that there was no significant relationship between the background variables of sex, marital status and social base with addiction tendency, but there was a significant relationship between age and addiction tendency. There is a significant inverse relationship between the use of various types of media and the tendency to addiction, in other words, with the increase in the use of media, the tendency to addiction decreases.  https://www.jcsc.ir/article_709200.html Considering the importance of maintaining the health of people in the society, the spread of public sports can help. The current research seeks to investigate the factors affecting gender attitudes in public sports. This research has been done with a quantitative approach and a survey method. The statistical population consists of women in Tehran who have been engaged in public sports in parks and sports clubs in the north, west, east, south and central regions. Based on the cluster sampling method, the regions of Tehran were divided into 5 regions. Cochran sampling method, 384 people were selected. The resulting data were analyzed using SPSS, AMOS software. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between following sports programs in the media and gender attitude towards sports (r=0.104). Also, there is an inverse significant relationship between the level of cultural development of the region and the gender attitude towards sports with (r=0.312). The relationship between family income and gender attitude towards sports is also significant and inverse with (r=-0.255). The relationship between education and gender attitude towards sports is also significant and inverse with (r=-0.219). The existing relationships are acceptable at a significance level lower than (sig≤0.05). In the analysis of the path, the family income variable has the most decreasing effects with a standard beta coefficient of -0.192 on the gender attitude towards sports. Knowing the effect of specific variables on this type of attitude can be effective in reducing the gender attitude and promote the promotion of sports. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_710432.html Scene design is one of the most important factors that plays a role in advancing the main goal of the story. Stage props, furniture, stage location, costume design, etc. are among the factors that play a role in stage design. Of course, the main tool of the stage designer is graphic elements. The stage designer must know and use these elements correctly. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the aesthetic architecture of TV scene design (light, color, content, attraction). Qualitative content analysis method is used in this study. Qualitative content analysis seeks to maintain the advantages of quantitative content analysis in the interpretation of qualitative texts. For this reason, first by posing questions and then by conducting library studies, defining the analysis unit, reducing data, using the categorization system, modifying the categorization system based on the data, presenting a report of qualitative data (using MAXQDA software). And finally, by presenting interpretations, analytical materials were presented about the researched texts. Based on the primary and selective codes, the categories of aesthetic criteria of stage design/aesthetic criteria of TV scene/stage preparation, staging, appropriateness of decor and content, lighting, color psychology were formed. Therefore, it can be said that decor has a direct relationship with the level of discussions that are exchanged in a TV show. Decor is the non-verbal language of the program, so it should be taken into consideration and the programmers should not deal with it superficially. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_711423.html The important roles of identity are from various aspects and by many thinkers and theorists of the active situations of the world and the communication and confrontation of cultures and the development of technology on various issues. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between the use of social networks and the identity dimensions of citizens. The research method is applied in terms of achieving the goal, and survey in terms of collecting information. The statistical population of the research includes all citizens living in Tehran. To determine the sample size, Morgan's table was used and the number of statistical samples was 384 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to collect the required data, researcher-made questionnaires were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient has been used to analyze the hypotheses according to the measurement level of the variables. The results of the research showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the use of social networks and the identity dimensions of citizens, and the correlation coefficient of the two variables is -0.79. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between the use of social networks with personal identity and virtual identity, while there is a significant inverse relationship between the use of social networks with collective, national, religious and revolutionary identity. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_711504.html The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the drivers of network-based corruption and its functions in sports. The method of problem solving in this descriptive-analytical research is mathematical modeling and multi-criteria decision making is fuzzy. The research population is 10 university professors who have a history of research and study in the field of corruption. The factors of this research have been identified by reviewing the theoretical literature and research background. To analyze the data, the combined method of fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory including ANP based on DEMATEL (Denp) was used. Based on the findings of the present study, 12 indicators (stimuli) were identified in 3 main dimensions (functions), of which combination factors with a D-R value of 0.237 were identified as the most effective and also protective factors with a D-R value of -0.254 were identified as the most impressive.The results of stimulus prioritization for network formation from the participants' point of view showed that protective stimuli including risk reduction, concealment and trust have the highest final weight. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_712886.html The purpose of the present study is to meta-analyze the research conducted on the relationship between virtual social networks and quality of life, in order to estimate the size of the effect of virtual social networks on quality of life. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the researches conducted until the end of 1402 in the field of the subject under study. Through targeted sampling, 11 studies that had suitable characteristics were selected for meta-analysis. In order to analyze the collected data, the second edition of the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software was used, and due to the heterogeneity between the studies, the random effects model was used to combine the results and reach the effect size. The estimated effect size in the research samples is -0.210, which according to Cohen''''s interpretation system is in the medium confidence range. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, the year variable was chosen as a moderating variable, the results of which showed that the negative effect of virtual social networks on the quality of life increases with the passing of time. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_715339.html This article is written in semiotics and seeks to explore the global aspects of commercial television advertising. For this purpose, two examples of Iranian television advertising have been selected.Studies have confirmed that commercial television commercials are cultural texts that present subconsciously the ideological meanings to their audience. In the selected sample, reviews reveal some of these hidden meanings. The semiotic analysis of these two commercial ads showed that they have shown non-Iranian definitions of some concepts; for example, taste and beauty. The analysis shows that the redefinition of the person in this ads has been reduced. It seems that through the reduction of a person to an object or a member of the body of the builders, they display the importance of their goods. Finally, it is concluded that the myths of "superior foreign commodities" and "globalization as a relief" are historical events that advertisers want to show as natural and Intrinsic property of foreign goods and foreign lifestyle. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_715520.html The present study was used for the sociological purpose of disabled women's sports participation with the approach of situational analysis. This research is based on interpretive paradigm and inductive approach, based on the fundamental purpose and is considered qualitative data. For data analysis, Clark's situational analysis method was used as one of the foundation's data theorizing approaches. The sampling method was theoretical and purposeful, and the number of samples was determined based on the theoretical adequacy of the categories. In-depth multi-narrative interviews were conducted with 15 disabled female athletes in Tehran. To confirm the reliability, three methods of complicity, triangulation of space and reflectivity were used. Data analysis was done in three steps by drawing three maps, location map, arena map (social worlds in an arena) and finally status map. The findings showed that the phenomenon of exploiting disabled women athletes as a tool takes place at the level of the individual, family and sports community. This phenomenon of exploitation is a social construct that plays an important role on the norms of the sports community and social exclusion in disabled women athletes and preventing their active participation in social and sports arenas. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_719403.html The current research aims to study the meaning of the lived experience of users of astrology pages and rooms on the social networks Instagram and Clubhouse, seeking answers to two fundamental questions. First, why do users seek astrology solutions by following astrology pages and rooms on social networks, and second, what is the functional and ritual difference between this virtual astrology and its traditional forms. Therefore, an interpretive phenomenological method was used here to answer these questions. Accordingly, the data obtained from the interview process with users were analyzed using the Colaizzi’s framework. Finally, the research findings were categorized and explained in two parts, each of which addresses one dimension of the research problem. In the first part, the research findings showed that users use astrology for various reasons such as “demystifying the world and understanding the reality of life, reducing tension and achieving peace in life, dissatisfaction with life and changing its course, seeking motivation and hope in life, escaping loneliness and gaining empathy, gaining positive energy, social influences and harmony with others, entertainment and recreation.” In the second part; The findings of the research showed that virtual astrology has had three functional and ritual changes compared to traditional forms, these changes are "personalization and self-ritualization of astrology", "ritual entanglement" and "temporary and arbitrary integration". https://www.jcsc.ir/article_724397.html Recently, the acid attack has dramatically increased in Iran and still targets women as past. Cinema is one of the influential factors on the rise or fall of this phenomenon. Cinema can shape the audience's understanding of this phenomenon by identifying the power resources in forming this phenomenon, highlighting some of its related meanings, and marginalizing others. In this respect, "Lantouri" movie was produced in 2016 in Iran, representing an acid attack on a social worker girl, analyzed in this article. The research method used in this article is Discourse Analysis, which examined different discourses of the "Lantouri" movies based on the discourse analysis theory of Laclau & Mouffe. A couple of main discourses in this movie, "critique of the acid attacker" and "critique of society," have been identified. These discourses are in close opposition to each other. People belonging to different social strata define the acid attack phenomenon from their perspective and form their discourses. While the discourse of Critique of acid attacker challenges the acid attacker as a sick and anti-social person, society's discourse blames our society's structures as the leading cause of forming this phenomenon. This discourse also knows acid attacker as a victim of society's structures. At the end of the movie and after a long conflict between two discourses, the discourse of Critique of structures wins and announces its future dominance over the society. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_726336.html AbstractStudying the relationship between Instagram usage and lifestyle of young girls in TehranMaryam Aalam Maleki Mandana Saniyi The present study seeks to study the relationship between Instagram usage and lifestyle of young girls in Tehran. The methodological approach of this study is quantitative and survey type, data collection techniques are set using a questionnaire derived from the theoretical model of Grand Theory, and the sample size was 320 young girls in Tehran who were selected through convenience sampling. SPSS version 28 software was used to analyze the data, and during this, data were described and analyzed, and finally the research hypotheses were tested. The findings of the present study and the obtained correlation coefficients indicate a strong correlation between the independent variables of display consumption on Instagram (0.714), how Instagram is consumed (0.725), tendency to blog on Instagram (0.745), virtual hedonism on Instagram (0.678), change in taste (0.689), (0.694), fluid identification on Instagram (0.653), individualism (0.712), body management (0.742), fluidity of consumption on Instagram (0.678), and fame seeking on Instagram (0.732) with the dependent variable, namely lifestyle (0.762).Key words: Lifestyle, Instagram consumption, fluid identity, dramatic consumption, body management, Instagram, girls, Tehran. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_726638.html The present study seeks to study the effect of Instagram on the fluid identity of young people in Tehran. The methodological approach of this study is quantitative and survey type, data collection techniques are set using a questionnaire derived from the theoretical model of Grand Theory, and the sample size was 320 young people in Tehran who were selected through convenience sampling. SPSS version 28 software was used to analyze the data, and during which the data were described and analyzed and finally the research hypotheses were tested. The findings of the present study and the obtained correlation coefficients indicate a strong correlation between the independent variables of relationship fluidity (0.714), consumption fluidity (0.618), blogging fluidity (0.639), virtual hedonism fluidity (0.678), individualism fluidity (0.712), body management fluidity (0.742), and needs fluidity (0.678) and the dependent variable (fluid identity). Also, the regression analysis performed shows that each of the predictor variables was able to predict changes in the criterion variable (fluid identification) in its own way. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_729826.html This research is among the library-based studies centred on examining important international resources, articles, and news, which has been explained through the use of citation tools and, in some cases, by conducting interviews with specialists. The conditions prevailing in the twenty-first century have transformed perspectives on power concepts across all fields; one of the elements balancing the power of the twentieth century (the Soviet Union) faced a crisis of authority and the emergence of multiple states, while the inability of unipolar thoughts to weigh and distribute global power, with a focus on the strategically significant region of South West Asia, the entry of third and fourth powers (China, Europe), and unbalanced regional governments have fundamentally contributed to issues relating to power, peace, and security.In the transition of the international environment from a flexible bipolar system (1945-1990), the subject of strategic concurrency faced fundamental challenges in international relations. The traditional balance of power defined in the 18th and 19th centuries for Europe in the prevailing atmosphere was defined in the 20th century in the form of arms and hardware competitions by two uncontested superpowers (the USA and the Soviet Union). Given the transformation of the bipolar system and fundamental changes in the structure of international game rules and international relations since the 1990s, the crisis of authority legitimacy, a key factor contributing to the confusion of hard power in strategic alignments worldwide and in regions, was primarily due to the process of globalization. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_730551.html What should be considered above all in relation to internal social networks is the amount of opportunities that have been created in these networks. Humans communicate with their fellow human beings using new communication facilities, share their views, and in many cases, search for and meet their various needs by being present on social networks.This research is a descriptive-survey research, considering its specific purpose, which is to examine the characteristics of a society. In this research, the information collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to collect data. The statistical population of this research consists of students and faculty members of the Tehran Science and Research Branch, among whom the questionnaires were distributed. The results of this research show that the average use of internal social networks among faculty members (professors) and students is lower than the average. In another comparative look in this research, the average use of internal social networks by faculty members (professors) compared to the average use of internal social networks by students; is higher. The results of this study also show that there is a significant and positive relationship between psychological status, privacy encryption techniques, political approach, age, and web-based economic opportunities and the degree of tendency to internal social networks https://www.jcsc.ir/article_731230.html Abstract:Objective: To identify the challenges and management obstacles facing government economic organizations in Iran in benefiting from electronic public relations.Method: The research was conducted using the Q method. The statistical population included 40 managers and deputy public relations officers of four ministries (Economics and Finance, Oil, Labor and Social Affairs, and Industry, Mining and Trade).Findings: Of the 29 research items, respondents agreed most with the economic, managerial, and structural dimensions and disagreed most with the social, legal, and ethical dimensions. Among them, respondents agreed most with the items "the need to have a scientific model derived from the organizational culture of electronic public relations in government economic organizations", "the need to adopt an executive management approach to electronic public relations in government economic organizations", and "the need to guarantee the strategic security of electronic public relations programs in government economic organizations", and respondents agreed least with the items "identifying job opportunities and new businesses", "gaining public trust in the performance of the government economic organization", and "behaving responsibly towards society".Conclusion: Electronic public relations in a government economic organization, through effective internal and external electronic communication management, can enable a balanced and balanced communication flow through the information process by attracting public participation and playing an equal role between an organization and the audience.Keywords: Electronic Public Relations Management, Iranian Government Economic Organizations, Challenges and Capabilities https://www.jcsc.ir/article_731285.html Football in contemporary society has transcended the boundaries of a mere sport and has evolved into a complex cultural and social phenomenon with multiple functions. The emergence of social media and digital technologies has brought about a paradigmatic transformation in the nature of sports fandom, turning fans from passive consumers into active producers of sports discourses. This study aims to deeply explore the shared semantic spaces and discursive structures of Iranian football fans through an interpretive analysis of user-generated content on social media. Using thematic analysis and examining popular football-related social media pages, four key themes were identified: (1) Collective identity and team loyalty, emphasizing deep belonging, pride in history, and the creation of social bonds; (2) Myth-making and dream-building, encompassing hero worship, imagined success, and nostalgia; (3) Critical discourse and demands for accountability, portraying fans as active agents engaged in critique, justice-seeking, and social responsibility; and (4) Pure emotion and passion, grounded in love for the brand, excitement, empathy, and hope. The findings indicate that the virtual sphere serves not only as a space for expressing emotions but also as a field for constructing collective identities, producing meanings, and exercising social agency. This research provides an enriched understanding of the semantic world of fans and sheds light on the cultural transformations of Iranian society in the digital era. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_731941.html This research seeks to develop a local and efficient model for cyber governance that, while benefiting from global experiences, is designed in accordance with Iran's local structures, values, and conditions. The aim of this research is to present a structural equation of cyber governance based on an analysis of Iran's political and social spheres by identifying and analyzing the key factors affecting it. The present research was conducted quantitatively and with a survey method.. The present research was conducted quantitatively and with a survey method. The statistical population of this research includes experts and senior experts in the field of information technology communications in Tehran, who were distributed 400 questionnaires and analyzed 393 valid questionnaires using the Cochran formula. The snowball sampling method was used for sampling, and data analysis was also performed using SPSS 26 software. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of government policymaking (r=0.68), information transparency (r=0.61), public trust (r=0.73), cyberspace laws (r=0.68), and international cooperation (r=0.72) with the promotion of desirable cyber governance. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_732574.html The lived experiences of migrant writers have become a prominent theme in recent Iranian novels. Over recent decades, Iranian authors have drawn on their encounters with the Western world to produce narratives that depict life in the West and explore the motives and circumstances behind migration as reflected through their characters. This study examines four novels—Who Would Believe Rostam by Rohangiz Sharifian, A Shawl as Long as the Silk Road by Mahasti Shahrokhi, The Land of Slime by Keyvan Arzaghi, and The Babel Well by Reza Ghassemi—with the aim of identifying the perspectives of male and female migrants and analyzing how they describe the positive and negative aspects of both their homeland and the host countries. The findings indicate that most migrant characters hold unfavorable views of their homeland and regard the host country as a source of salvation, despite acknowledging its negative features. A comparison of the four works shows that men primarily migrate due to political pressures, whereas women’s motivations stem from social issues and restrictions. Men tend to criticize the host society for moral permissiveness, patriarchy, and insecurity, while women emphasize cultural differences and gendered perceptions. Both groups, however, value social freedoms, educational opportunities, and the possibility of achieving an ideal life. Emotional attachment to the homeland appears similarly among male and female characters, emerging variably in different narratives. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_732663.html Media – Child Relationships is at the top of the agenda for research and education today in developing evidence-based policy making to optimally and efficiently regulate this relationship, realistic understanding of its nature, and taking the necessary measures. However, there are few validated research instruments for researchers and educators to examine how parents mediate adolescents relation to media and how adolescents develop and perceive their relations to media. So, a systematic review method was used in this study. Because most social media emerged by 2013, this year was chosen as the starting point for the study. Using keywords, 55 articles were identified, and after screening according to the PRISMA guidelines, 12 articles remained. This review identified 13 scales measuring adolescent-media relationships. The trend of publication of articles has grown significantly since 2023. After reviewing the literature on Media- Child relationships questionnaires, the goals for introducing scales were categorized in two categories: understanding how adolescents use media and the methods and effects of media parenting. The scales assess adolescent - media relationship in four dimensions: the first dimension is cognitive with three sub-dimensions: information about the amount and manner of adolescent media consumption, parental media literacy, and adolescent media literacy. The second dimension is behavioral and includes items that measure parental media parenting. The third dimension is consequence with three sub-dimensions: digital well-being, media addiction, and using media to cope with inappropriate situations. The fourth dimension is intentional, which includes four sub-dimensions: consuming, relating, creating, and sharing. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_732774.html Today, "digital identity" has become a concept that users, especially young people as the first adopters of new technologies, encounter in their daily lives. The present paper tries to examine and analyze the digital identity of young people and how their identity is perceived and represented in the social media space. The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and semi-structured interview technique with 20 young people through purposive sampling and face-to-face and online interviews. Thematic analysis technique was used to extract and analyze the findings. The findings include three main themes: “self-fluidity,” “arbitrary freedom,” and “consumerism syndrome of everyday life,” along with ten sub-themes: “self-actualization,” “self-will,” “self-deception,” “freedom from obstacles and limitations,” “multiplicity of my interactions, discomfort of interacting with others,” “free satisfaction of needs,” “motivation for excellence and approval,” “ostentatious consumption,” and “hedonistic and passive consumption.” The findings indicate the deep and multifaceted role of social media in the self-recreation and continuous representation of youth identity. In this space, they are active actors who create, reconstruct, and represent their identity in the context of symbolic choices, interactions with others, and their feedback. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_733099.html The aim was to identify the relationship between the representation of women's news and the gender gap rating in the most widely circulated newspapers in the Middle East and it is based on the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between the publication of developmental news and the gender gap rating. Women's news was divided into developmental, candy ,Newsworthy.Hamshahri from Iran with a gender gap ranking of 143 as a Shiite base with a circulation of 80,000, Al-Ittihad from the UAE with a ranking of 68 as a leading country in reducing the gender gap with a circulation of 109,000, Hurriyet from Turkey with a ranking of 124 as a European-Asian country with a circulation of 185,000; Okaz with a circulation of 250,000 from Saudi Arabia with a ranking of 127 as a Sunni base, from January 1, 2022 to January 1, 2023, with the help of a questionnaire whose variables and items were extracted and coded from the theories of news gatekeeping, Agenda-Setting, developmental media, feminism and gender gap, with composing week sampling from Hamshahri 68, Hurriyet 144, Okaz 53, Al-Ittihad 50 and 315 questionnaires were obtained. Using SPSS, the relative frequency of variables was identified with chi-square, the significant difference of each variable relative to each other with pearson, the relationship of variables with the gender gap was identified. positive and significant relationship was found between news representation, a negative and significant relationship between developmental news, and no relationship between Newsworthy and candynews with the gender gap. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_734342.html In the accelerated changes in the cultural and social sphere of the contemporary era, rethinking the policy-making mechanisms of intangible cultural heritage becomes an inevitable necessity. Therefore, the present study, in response to the central question of "Resilient policy-making in the field of intangible cultural heritage, based on the GALLDS model, what components does it require?" has been organized with a qualitative-conceptual approach and based on the method of inductive theme analysis. The research data were collected through a systematic review of 43 sources, including scientific research articles, international documents, and case studies, and were analyzed using MAXQDA software in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The result of this analysis was the extraction of three conceptual, strategic, and consequential layers, each of which observes an area of resilient policy-making in the context of intangible heritage. As in the conceptual layer, themes such as living heritage, dynamic collective memory, and intergenerational interaction depict the theoretical basis for a fluid understanding of cultural dynamics. In the strategic layer, multi-level policy-making, the role of intermediary institutions, and the redistribution of cultural power were identified as mechanisms for the realization of context-based policies. Also, in the consequential layer, concepts such as social resilience, cultural empowerment, and institutional trust reconstruction reveal the multi-layered functions of participatory policy-making. Thus, these findings suggest a coherent, multi-level, and contextual framework based on cultural memory, local capacities, and flexible institutional architecture to provide a platform for promoting cultural governance, social resilience, and participatory development. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_735047.html The present study aimed to qualitatively examine the representation of citizen power on Instagram based on the narratives of Iranian bloggers. The research employed a virtual ethnography method, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 bloggers using judgmental sampling.The findings of the study showed that citizen power on Instagram, according to the narratives of Iranian bloggers, manifests in six main themes as follows:Victimized Citizen – This theme includes the experiences of feeling humiliated, excluded, and inferior.Demanding Citizen – Comprised of three sub-themes: the right to speak (freedom of expression), the right to ask, and the right to be seen.Observant Citizen – Based on three sub-themes: social responsibility, formation of civil society, and the existence of campaigns.Critical Citizen – The main components include criticism of current government policies, criticism of various programs, and criticism of policy and program implementation methods.Resistant Citizen (Symbolic Resistance) – Core sub-themes include disregard for official policies, opposition to the existing formal order, and substitution or alternatives.Networked Citizen – Defined through three sub-themes: online storytelling, sharing ideas, and commenting.Overall, citizen power, based on the narratives of Iranian bloggers, is most prominently displayed on Instagram, where citizens have found the opportunity and space to represent and exercise their power in the virtual environment. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_735066.html This study explores the lived experiences of subaltern women in relation to their participation in Iran’s 2024 presidential election, using Max van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The research was conducted in the Javadieh neighborhood of Bojnourd, a social context where women occupy intersecting positions of gendered, class-based, cultural, and spatial subalternity. The central question guiding the study asks how electoral participation is experienced and what meanings it holds for these women within their lived horizons. The study is informed by a theoretical perspective that brings together Subaltern Studies—particularly Gayatri Spivak’s notion of the “subaltern”—and Patricia Hill Collins’s “matrix of domination.” Data were generated through thirteen semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings reveal that electoral participation among the women studied is largely shaped within dominant power structures, with limited reliance on conscious political agency or critical choice. Participation often reproduces unequal relations of power rather than challenging them. By engaging the concept of the “subaltern citizen,” the study highlights the gap between formal models of political participation and the lived experiences of marginalized groups. It shows how notions such as “political participation” and “democracy” acquire situated, context-dependent meanings in subaltern settings, underscoring the need to rethink dominant democratic paradigms through the lens of marginalized lifeworlds.