Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 university of kurdistan, faculty of art and architecture
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan.
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan
Abstract
The suitability of cultural spaces as a public space is an important issue to be considered. The need for presence in space for all groups, regardless of gender, age, occupation, etc is essential. Given the high value of women in society, and given that women constitute half of society and are considered as the family axis, they should be spiritually and physically well-off. Women, in addition to being themselves active in all aspects, they educate active groups. This paper investigates the factors affecting the presence of Kurdish women in cultural spaces.The research method is a descriptive-analytical approach and data were gathered through field studies and a questionnaire tool and Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The statistical population of this paper is women and men (70% of the statistical population were women) who are associated with Fajr art and Cultural Complex of Sanandaj. The factors affecting the presence of women in public spaces, and in particular cultural spaces, cover a wide range of physical, social, cultural and economical constraints. The most important influencing factors are indicators of the need for such places and patriarchy and appropriate access to these spaces for citizens. Need feeling means that the existing cultural complex is not responder to their needs. Therefore, the relationship between the effective factors and the needs and conditions of women is examined and finally recommendations are made to reduce the impact of these factors.
Keywords
- Ahmadi, Mohammad; Kaldi, Alireza. (2012). Study of the Feeling of Social Security of Women in Sanandaj City and Social Factors affecting on it. Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society. 1-19.(In Persian)
- Carmona, Matthew, Heath, Tim, Oc, Taner, Tiesdell, Steve. (2005). Public Places, Urban Space. Architectural Press, Elsevier. .(In Persian)
- Churchman, Arza. Kallus, Rachel. )1999(. Safe Urban Environment: Women’s and Security in Urban Public Spaces. Haifa, Center for Urban and Regional Studies, Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion.
- Day, (2000). The ethic of care and women’s experiences of public space, journal of environment psychology, Volume 20, Issue 2, June 2000, 103-124. .(In Persian)
- Delours, Maria. (2013). Reconstruction of the neighborhood with women's demands, translates by Nassinm Golkou, ZanNegar, No.12.
- Drek, Keenan. (1997). Kurds and Kurdistan, Translated bu Ebrahim Yunesi, Negah publication. .(In Persian)
- Fazeli, Nematolah & Ziachi, Mohadeseh. (2014). Exploration of Woman-Friendly City Indicators in the Views of Women from Different Social Statuses and Types in Tehran, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 55-85. .(In Persian)
- Garcia-Ramon, Maria Dolors, Ortiz, Anna, Prats, Maria. )2004(. “Urban planning, gender and the use of public space in a peripherial neighbourhood of Barcelona”. Cities, 213(215-223(.
- Grodach, Carl. (2011). Cultural institutions: The role of urban design, Companion to Urban Design, USA and Canada :Routledge, 432-445,.
- Gurian, Elaine Heumann. )2006(. Civilizing the Museum: The Collected Writings of Elaine Heumann Gurian, London: Routledge.
- Giddens, Anthony. (2017). The Sociology, translated by Hassan Chavoshian, Ney publication.
- Goli, Ali. Women and Safety in Public Urban Space: Case study of AZADI Park, Shiraz. JHS 2012; 3 (2) :143-164. .(In Persian)
- Habib, Farah. (2010). Urban space, platform for social interaction, Culture Architecture Quarterly. No.24. .(In Persian)
- Habib, Farah & Hosseini nia, Mahdie. (2012). An analysis on the concept of urban culture and its effect on the attraction of cultural tourists. HoviatShahr. .(In Persian)
- HajiAhmadiHamedani, Azin; Majedi, Hamid & Jahanshahlou, La’la. (2015). Evaluation criteria affecting the activity of women in urban areas, Case study: 20th Golestan Dist, poonak, Tehran, Urban Studies Quarterly, 47-60. .(In Persian)
- Hashemianfar, Seyyed Ali; Hossein Abadi, Mehdi & Shahba, Moha,ad Javad. (2013). The effects and social and cultural consequences of urban spaces on women (case study: Shahrbanu complex in the 11th district of Tehran). Urban sociological studies, 151-180. .(In Persian)
- Hosseini, Seyyed Hadi & Samieepur, Davoud. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction of Women from Urban Parks: Hejab Womens' Park and Mellat Motley Park (Mashhad), Social psychological studies of women, 43-76. .(In Persian)
- Izadi, Malihe; Mohamadi, Jamal; Taheri, Zahra & Shirkhani, Hosniye. (2016). Utility Analysis of Urban Public Spaces from the Perspective of Women Case Study: District No.4 of Isfahan. Geography and Development. 127-144. .(In Persian)
- Larrere,Catherine(2011),Jean-Jacques Rousseau on women and citizenship, History of European ideas, 37, p218-35.
- Madani, Behnaz & Azani, Mehry. (2011). Evaluation of wemans recreation centers in 5th and 6th Isfahan regions using the SWOT models and strategic factors, Spatial Planning, 107-130. .(In Persian)
- Mansour Hosseini, Neda & Soltanzade, Hossein. (2013). Environmental qualities affecting the collective life of women in urban public spaces. National Conference on Architecture and Humanistic Urbanism (Islamic Azad University of Qazvin) (In Persian)
- Naghdi, Asadollah & Darabi, Sara. (2014). Women's access to urban spaces (Case study: women in Ilam), Woman in culture and art, 461-470. (In Persian)
- Nourani, Somayeh; Nourani, Farid * Pourmohamadi, Mohamadreza. (2012). A woman-friendly city (case study: Ardabil city center), Environmental-based Territorial Planning (JETP), 165-181. (In Persian)
- Nouri, Ehsan; Vahbi, Tofigh. (2015). The Kurds: A Study in Racial, Historical and Religious Roots, Shafiei publication. (In Persian)
- Partovi, Parvin. (2012). Working group of women and urban public spaces, The first scientific and research conference on women and urban life, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Paul, Tanusree. (2011). Space, gender and fear of crime: some explorations from Kolkata, gender, Technology and Development, no3, 411-435. (In Persian)
- Poormohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Khezrnezhad, Pakhshan; Ahmadi, Pulad & Jahanbin, Reza. (2015). A survey of the adaptation of Urmia Urban Public Spaces to the needs of women, Women in development and politics, 23-40. (In Persian)
- RafatJah, Maryam. (2006). Gender and leisure time in urban public areas, Anthropology Quarterly, 61-73. (In Persian)
- Rafieeian, Mojtaba; Rezazade, Razieh; Sifaei, Mahsa & Ahmadvand, Yazdan. (2008). Examining the Utility and Usability of Urban Public Spaces for Special Social Groups (Females): A Participatory Planning Approach (A Case Study: Nabovvat Square, Tehran), Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, 37-54. (In Persian)
- Rezaei, Maryam. (2012). Sociological study of women's sense of security in public spaces: a case study of Pasdaran Street in Sanandaj, the first national scientific and research conference on women and urban life. (In Persian)
- Rezazadeh, Razieh & Mohammadi, Maryam. (2009). An investigation on the factors limiting women’s presence in urban space, HonarHayeZiba, 105-114. (In Persian)
- Sadeghi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Feryal; Ghafari Sarvestani, Nazanin & Rafeian, Mojtaba. (2012). Scrutiny of the concepts governing the presence of Muslim women in urban public arenas (case example: Shiraz city), Urban Studies Quarterly, 71-85. (In Persian)
- Salehi Amiri, Reza. (2009). Women and development. Tehran: Strategic Research Center of Expediency Council. (In Persian)
- Seraj Zade, SeyyedHossein; Javaheri, Fatemeh & Rahmati, Elham. (2015). Covering of women and feeling safe in public spaces, Journal of Social Studies of Iran, 135-159. (In Persian)
- Sifaei, Mahsa. (2005). Assessing the desirability of urban public spaces for the use of special social groups (women) in participatory planning, MA thesis, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
- Tabani, Habibollah. (1952). Kurdish ethnic unity and the origin of the race in the history of Kurdistan civilization, Gostarde publication. (In Persian)
- Tohadi, Kalimolaah. (1991). Kurdish historical movement to Khorasan in defense of Iran's independence. Vase’ publication, Mashhad, first volume. (In Persian)
)