Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Alameh Tabatabei University
2 Master’s Degree in Sociology
Abstract
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A football stadium is not only recognized as a masculine space, but it seems it is a capable space for women to identify, symbolize, and ritualize their behavior and conduct. During these decades, females construct and form their identity base on different gender discourses which, cause several responses and reactions on their behalf. Hence, in this research, we study and represent the strategies women apply to watch men football in the stadium going through objective and symbolic characteristics of women's collective reactions to constrains with the help of Masculine Hegemony Reproduction and Stadium Space Feminization viewpoints. The methods include the Qualitative Content Analysis based on the Deconstruction approach and Thematic Analysis of various messages along with the Semi-Structured Interview technique and sample is all female students of Tehran universities. Conquer Masculine Spaces and Display Feminine Dreams are obtained as two main concepts through the findings. These two concepts are considered women's strategies to present in the stadium. Admittedly Conquer Masculine Spaces and Display Feminine Dreams carry meanings and signs that can be understood and defined in the form of Attaining the Freedom Stage concept. Watching Football in-stadium gives females opportunities to construct their difference from men and also to seek to display the constructed gender identity from the paradoxical experience of traditional and modern values with their characteristics, which can be applied in spaces such as stadiums.
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