Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 The Cultural Implications of Consumption of Information-Communication Technologies for Tehran Middle Class The Cultural Implications of Consumption of Information-Communication Technologies for Tehran Middle Class 13 34 28997 FA AbuAli Vedadhir Tehran University Amirhossein Salehi Anthropology,Faculty of Social Science,University of Tehran, Tehran 0009-0005-5560-8106 Journal Article 2017 04 09 Twenty-first century was launched once the computer revolution reached into its climax in IT, the combination of informational technologies with communication technologies, and the process of “smartization” entered into the level of mass consumption. This “somartization” was an opportunity to stay online continuously. The mass dilemma of being online without any specialization resolved. Many celebrate the “liberation” of humane, but the problem goes another way; whereas the internet was the icon of decentralization of power and hence liberating the individuals, it became an inner control means in practice; social media became a place for bombardment of the mass with news (both fake and real). Hence, it opiates the mass with the idea of security. People learn to seek their savior through internet, and their smartphone became a great member of their family, in fact the main member, without whom it was fear and trembling. After all, the consequence of being connected was the metamorphosis in the notion of the communication itself. Our struggle thorough this paper is to discover the cultural significance of this situation based on the evidence retrieved from field with an interpretative ethnography as our main approach amongst Tehrani middle class consumers of iPhone. Twenty-first century was launched once the computer revolution reached into its climax in IT, the combination of informational technologies with communication technologies, and the process of “smartization” entered into the level of mass consumption. This “somartization” was an opportunity to stay online continuously. The mass dilemma of being online without any specialization resolved. Many celebrate the “liberation” of humane, but the problem goes another way; whereas the internet was the icon of decentralization of power and hence liberating the individuals, it became an inner control means in practice; social media became a place for bombardment of the mass with news (both fake and real). Hence, it opiates the mass with the idea of security. People learn to seek their savior through internet, and their smartphone became a great member of their family, in fact the main member, without whom it was fear and trembling. After all, the consequence of being connected was the metamorphosis in the notion of the communication itself. Our struggle thorough this paper is to discover the cultural significance of this situation based on the evidence retrieved from field with an interpretative ethnography as our main approach amongst Tehrani middle class consumers of iPhone.

https://www.jcsc.ir/article_28997_0173323af651e967d638c3048c21a6a3.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 Differences in Working Culture in Iran and Outside Iran For Iranian Employee in Abroad Differences in Working Culture in Iran and Outside Iran For Iranian Employee in Abroad 35 56 28998 FA Somayeh Tohidlo Faculty member, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies 0000-0003-0340-3684 Alireza Zakeri PhD Student, Tarbiat Modares University 0000-0002-1682-7737 Mohsen Jafari Moghadam M.A Tehran University Journal Article 2016 04 18 This paper attempts to study the status of work culture in Iranian organizations (public and private). To understand this situation, Iranian workers in foreign countries have been studied, those who have had experience in Iran before leaving the country. we wanted to compare the two situation. The study was conducted on three levels of individual, organizational and macro. Several nterviews are accomplished with the help of Internet and communication networks. Among the issues that they indicate are injustice, egoism, lack of supportive insurances, lack of prospects and clear vision of work in future, cultural and social barriers of working, lack of incentives, social order and the bureaucracy in the organisations. Contrary to the Orientalist viewpoint, which states that components in the long history and the essence of Iranian culture as the obstacles of the formation of the constructive culture of work, this study suggests that, social and structural factors are the most important barriers. the result is that the same people that are not efficient in iran will be efficient in foriegn countries This paper attempts to study the status of work culture in Iranian organizations (public and private). To understand this situation, Iranian workers in foreign countries have been studied, those who have had experience in Iran before leaving the country. we wanted to compare the two situation. The study was conducted on three levels of individual, organizational and macro. Several nterviews are accomplished with the help of Internet and communication networks. Among the issues that they indicate are injustice, egoism, lack of supportive insurances, lack of prospects and clear vision of work in future, cultural and social barriers of working, lack of incentives, social order and the bureaucracy in the organisations. Contrary to the Orientalist viewpoint, which states that components in the long history and the essence of Iranian culture as the obstacles of the formation of the constructive culture of work, this study suggests that, social and structural factors are the most important barriers. the result is that the same people that are not efficient in iran will be efficient in foriegn countries

https://www.jcsc.ir/article_28998_a75a8ecb7cea780ca37daff6501c60a2.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 A Historical Narratology of Clavijo's Journey to Iran: Reconstructing Everyday Life during 1403-1406 AD A Historical Narratology of Clavijo's Journey to Iran: Reconstructing Everyday Life during 1403-1406 AD 55 74 28999 FA Hamid Abdollahyan University of Tehran Journal Article 2017 01 07 This paper will examine a package in which, on one hand, there is the academic and disciplinary principles of communication and cultural studies and how they relate to anthropological studies including studying Clavijo's journey to Iran that took place between 1403 and 1406 (Mongols and Timurids). On the other hand, there is an assumption about presence of a link between the above-mentioned historical reports and cultural studies, and the methodological problems surrounding construction of historical evidence. The claim here is that these methodological considerations will allow us to construct the contextual aspects of everyday life in the period in which this journey took place. By 'context’, I mean the details of everyday life in that period, as issues that have often been neglected in historiographic reports. I will use Clavijo's journey reports which are available as text both in English and Farsi. The difference between these two analyses is that Attar Neyshabouri introduced it observations in accordance to his lived experience while Clavijo was a political and Spanish figure who had no previous touch on life in Iran. His observations are very useful because they provide an understanding of the context of everyday life at that time. I will offer this study with an emphasis on observing elements such as housing, food, and clothing, on one hand and political culture of people and state, on the other. In the end I will offer an argument on the power structure and everyday life This paper will examine a package in which, on one hand, there is the academic and disciplinary principles of communication and cultural studies and how they relate to anthropological studies including studying Clavijo's journey to Iran that took place between 1403 and 1406 (Mongols and Timurids). On the other hand, there is an assumption about presence of a link between the above-mentioned historical reports and cultural studies, and the methodological problems surrounding construction of historical evidence. The claim here is that these methodological considerations will allow us to construct the contextual aspects of everyday life in the period in which this journey took place. By 'context’, I mean the details of everyday life in that period, as issues that have often been neglected in historiographic reports. I will use Clavijo's journey reports which are available as text both in English and Farsi. The difference between these two analyses is that Attar Neyshabouri introduced it observations in accordance to his lived experience while Clavijo was a political and Spanish figure who had no previous touch on life in Iran. His observations are very useful because they provide an understanding of the context of everyday life at that time. I will offer this study with an emphasis on observing elements such as housing, food, and clothing, on one hand and political culture of people and state, on the other. In the end I will offer an argument on the power structure and everyday life

https://www.jcsc.ir/article_28999_22c1acb3539e1aeba278f7885ddb8d35.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 A Study of the Relationship between Social Media, Kinship and Friendship Relations Network; A Comparative Study between Young Adults and Old Adults in Shiraz City A Study of the Relationship between Social Media, Kinship and Friendship Relations Network; A Comparative Study between Young Adults and Old Adults in Shiraz City 77 100 29000 FA Mohammad Taghi Abassi Shavazi Maryam Hashempour PhD Student Journal Article 2016 10 02 This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social media with kinship and friendship network in Shiraz. In this article, family boundaries theory and networked individualism theory have been used. We surveyed 600 young and old adults who were chosen by quota multistage random sampling. The findings show that the use of social media enhances communication with actual and virtual friends and also enhances received support from them. Moreover, the use of social media enhances received support from close and far relatives; old adults receive more support from close relatives via their usage of social media while young adults receive more support from far relatives. However, the results show that the use of social media undermines family relationships. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social media with kinship and friendship network in Shiraz. In this article, family boundaries theory and networked individualism theory have been used. We surveyed 600 young and old adults who were chosen by quota multistage random sampling. The findings show that the use of social media enhances communication with actual and virtual friends and also enhances received support from them. Moreover, the use of social media enhances received support from close and far relatives; old adults receive more support from close relatives via their usage of social media while young adults receive more support from far relatives. However, the results show that the use of social media undermines family relationships.

https://www.jcsc.ir/article_29000_8cc3d0d6ce79806cac8e6ac80e3b4cdb.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 The Role of Ethnicity and Gender in Media Reception; A Study of Sanandaji Women Reception of Qahve Talkh Series The Role of Ethnicity and Gender in Media Reception; A Study of Sanandaji Women Reception of Qahve Talkh Series 101 128 29001 FA Mehdi Montazerghaem Tehran University Roya Hakimi MA in Media and Cultural Studies Journal Article 2017 12 19 The present descriptive study addresses the women's manner of consumption and reception of Qahve Talkh sitcom series in Sanandaj City. We analyze the formation of various types of readings among viewers and also investigate the individual and social factors affecting these readings, including age, educational level, marital status, and employment. We used qualitative method and the technique of in-depth interview with 28 women, relying on cultural studies and reception theory approaches. The findings show that Sanandaji women form interpretive communities within which they develop similar analyses of the series in some areas due to their similar everyday experiences, ethnicity, and gender. However, they have some differences in their consumption and reception of the series regarding the above-mentioned variables. In addition to these issues, social and political contexts at the time of release also affected viewers' readings of this media artefact. The present descriptive study addresses the women's manner of consumption and reception of Qahve Talkh sitcom series in Sanandaj City. We analyze the formation of various types of readings among viewers and also investigate the individual and social factors affecting these readings, including age, educational level, marital status, and employment. We used qualitative method and the technique of in-depth interview with 28 women, relying on cultural studies and reception theory approaches. The findings show that Sanandaji women form interpretive communities within which they develop similar analyses of the series in some areas due to their similar everyday experiences, ethnicity, and gender. However, they have some differences in their consumption and reception of the series regarding the above-mentioned variables. In addition to these issues, social and political contexts at the time of release also affected viewers' readings of this media artefact.

https://www.jcsc.ir/article_29001_1c76fb9381aac8712c2d06e31a05702b.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 Women's Narrated Experience of Power Structure in Family Women's Narrated Experience of Power Structure in Family 129 150 29002 FA Mohammad Reza Kolahi Faculty member of the Department of Social Studies, Faculty Social and Cultural Studies 0000-0002-5713-737X Fateme Shafiee Journal Article 2016 09 26 This paper aims to achieve a deep understanding of women's described experience of the structure of power distribution in the family. The method of this research is qualitative. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by life story analysis. We used purposeful sampling and our technique of sampling is theoretical saturation. We interviewed 25 employed and 25 unemployed women. Theoretical framework of this research is based on the theory of Blood and Wolfe which argues that the distribution of power in family is affected by a) the availability of resources and b) normative expectations from wife and husband; in other words, more resources means that each person will have more power. The results of this research show that there are three patterns of family decision making: woman-dominant, man-dominant and agreement in two categories of families. Although employed women have more resource and money, they cannot be influential in the making decisions. Both employed and unemployed women are dominant in micro and low-cost decisions and are less powerful in making huge and high-cost decisions. Women in both groups were flexible towards men's authoritarianism and sacrifice their wants for "saving their family lives". This paper aims to achieve a deep understanding of women's described experience of the structure of power distribution in the family. The method of this research is qualitative. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by life story analysis. We used purposeful sampling and our technique of sampling is theoretical saturation. We interviewed 25 employed and 25 unemployed women. Theoretical framework of this research is based on the theory of Blood and Wolfe which argues that the distribution of power in family is affected by a) the availability of resources and b) normative expectations from wife and husband; in other words, more resources means that each person will have more power. The results of this research show that there are three patterns of family decision making: woman-dominant, man-dominant and agreement in two categories of families. Although employed women have more resource and money, they cannot be influential in the making decisions. Both employed and unemployed women are dominant in micro and low-cost decisions and are less powerful in making huge and high-cost decisions. Women in both groups were flexible towards men's authoritarianism and sacrifice their wants for "saving their family lives".

https://www.jcsc.ir/article_29002_8d0e8d50eb0bad1727b38382d4fa42ef.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 The Concept of Motherhood in Tradition-oriented, Modern/Feminist and Islamic Approaches The Concept of Motherhood in Tradition-oriented, Modern/Feminist and Islamic Approaches 151 172 29003 FA Hamide Taeib Phd Student Toba Shakeri Golpaygani Tarbiat Modares Muhammad Rezaei Assistant Professor of Sociology Department in Tarbiat Modares Uniersity Mohsen Imani Tarbiat Modares University Journal Article 2017 05 07 This article examines the concept of motherhood in three approaches; tradition-oriented, modern/feminist and Islamic. Although the concept of motherhood leads to females giving birth to a child at the first glance, more careful scrutiny of social texts reveals the broadness and complexity of this phenomenon. From a tradition oriented point of view, motherhood is the characteristic of female identity. However, the modern/feminist approach views woman and the maternal instinct separately. Terminologies such as genetic mother, biological mother and social mother have been mentioned in this literature. In this article, we review the existing literature based on these two approaches and demonstrate how the feminist approach encounters the traditional point of view towards motherhood. However, as the third wave of feminism has addressed return to motherhood and raised some confusions and uncertainties, we suggest a re-reading of the Islamic approach toward motherhood based on Quranic literature. This article examines the concept of motherhood in three approaches; tradition-oriented, modern/feminist and Islamic. Although the concept of motherhood leads to females giving birth to a child at the first glance, more careful scrutiny of social texts reveals the broadness and complexity of this phenomenon. From a tradition oriented point of view, motherhood is the characteristic of female identity. However, the modern/feminist approach views woman and the maternal instinct separately. Terminologies such as genetic mother, biological mother and social mother have been mentioned in this literature. In this article, we review the existing literature based on these two approaches and demonstrate how the feminist approach encounters the traditional point of view towards motherhood. However, as the third wave of feminism has addressed return to motherhood and raised some confusions and uncertainties, we suggest a re-reading of the Islamic approach toward motherhood based on Quranic literature. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_29003_7a1e01c1f482effc90f8e7d0e2581aff.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 Discourse Interaction and Discourse Confrontation; Discourse-Semiotic Approach to “The Deers” Discourse Interaction and Discourse Confrontation; Discourse-Semiotic Approach to “The Deers” 173 197 29004 FA Seyed Ali Asqar Soultani Bagher-O-olum 0000-0002-2562-6443 Pouya Morshedi Social Communication Sciences, University of Tehran, Alumni Journal Article 2017 02 19 “The Deer”, a film by Masoud Kimiai (1974), is the most controversial movie in the most critical period of contemporary Iranian history on the verge of the Islamic Revolution. Cinema critics, social analysts, and ordinary people have discussed the movie for a long time. We decided to analyze this movie in order to understand the relationship between socio-political discourses and the socio-cultural contexts in that historical period. to this end, we used discourse-semiotic approach which is based on Laclau and Muffe’s discourse theory. We identified four major discourses in the movie, namely traditional discourse, revolutionary discourse, capitalist discourse and governmental discourse. Revolutionary discourse, as the primary discourse in this movie, joins the traditional discourse to confront the other two discourses. The discursive map we arrived at on the basis of this film seems to be compatible with the prevailing discourse in Iran at time of 1979 Islamic Revolution. “The Deer”, a film by Masoud Kimiai (1974), is the most controversial movie in the most critical period of contemporary Iranian history on the verge of the Islamic Revolution. Cinema critics, social analysts, and ordinary people have discussed the movie for a long time. We decided to analyze this movie in order to understand the relationship between socio-political discourses and the socio-cultural contexts in that historical period. to this end, we used discourse-semiotic approach which is based on Laclau and Muffe’s discourse theory. We identified four major discourses in the movie, namely traditional discourse, revolutionary discourse, capitalist discourse and governmental discourse. Revolutionary discourse, as the primary discourse in this movie, joins the traditional discourse to confront the other two discourses. The discursive map we arrived at on the basis of this film seems to be compatible with the prevailing discourse in Iran at time of 1979 Islamic Revolution.

https://www.jcsc.ir/article_29004_a5526b5c1e15754a534e9ff97728a32f.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 Social Networks and Their Influence on State Roles in International Relations; A Case Study of Middle Eastern States Social Networks and Their Influence on State Roles in International Relations; A Case Study of Middle Eastern States 197 214 29005 FA Ziauddin Sabouri Ph.D. Specialist in International Relations, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Guilan, Iran Reza Simbar Professor of International Relations, University of Guilan Journal Article 2017 06 08 In the last decade, the political use of modern communication technologies, especially Internet social networks, has become more common in international relations. Hence, studying the impacts of this phenomenon is significantly important not only for scholars, but also for politicians and decision-makers. It is essential for both groups to understand and adequately identify the dimensions of this new phenomenon. In this regard, an analysis of international politics would not be possible without a careful examination of the impact of the Internet, as in the recent political changes in the Middle East, the so-called Arab Spring and Islamic Awakening, social networks impacted the process of shaping and transforming the protests against authoritarianism. In this research, we analyze the nature of social networks and their influence in the role played by states in international relations. In the last decade, the political use of modern communication technologies, especially Internet social networks, has become more common in international relations. Hence, studying the impacts of this phenomenon is significantly important not only for scholars, but also for politicians and decision-makers. It is essential for both groups to understand and adequately identify the dimensions of this new phenomenon. In this regard, an analysis of international politics would not be possible without a careful examination of the impact of the Internet, as in the recent political changes in the Middle East, the so-called Arab Spring and Islamic Awakening, social networks impacted the process of shaping and transforming the protests against authoritarianism. In this research, we analyze the nature of social networks and their influence in the role played by states in international relations.

https://www.jcsc.ir/article_29005_3484e1bac36fc0d1f0e86ae3b5aed870.pdf

Iranian Association of Cultural Studies & Communication Cultural Studies & Communication 2008-5575 13 48 2017 11 22 Women's Narrated experience of the power structure in the family Women's Narrated experience of the power structure in the family 129 150 36682 FA Mohammad Reza Kolahi Director of the Department of Cultural Sociology; Institute for Culture, Art and Architecture (ICAS) 0000-0002-5713-737X Fateme Shafiee Journal Article 2015 11 23 This paper aims to achieve a deep understanding of women's described experience about the structure of the distribution of power in the family. The method of this research is qualitative. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by analysis of the life story. The study sample design is purposeful sampling and technique of sampling is theoretical saturation. Interviewees were 25 employed women and 25 unemployed women. Theoretical framework of this research is based on the theory of Blood and Wolfe, based on its assumptions, the division of power in the family and the stronghold of one of the spouses, is affected by the availability of resources and expectations of each of the normative value of women and husband; in other words, by more resources, each person will have more power. The results of this research show that there are three patterns in their decision making: woman-dominant, man-dominant and agreement in two categories of families. Although employed women have more resource and money, they cannot be influential in the decision-makings. So both employed and unemployed women are dominant in micro and low-cost decisions and less effective in huge and high-cost decisions. Women in both groups against men's authoritarianism are mentioned flexibly and come short of their decision because of "saving their lives" This paper aims to achieve a deep understanding of women's described experience about the structure of the distribution of power in the family. The method of this research is qualitative. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by analysis of the life story. The study sample design is purposeful sampling and technique of sampling is theoretical saturation. Interviewees were 25 employed women and 25 unemployed women. Theoretical framework of this research is based on the theory of Blood and Wolfe, based on its assumptions, the division of power in the family and the stronghold of one of the spouses, is affected by the availability of resources and expectations of each of the normative value of women and husband; in other words, by more resources, each person will have more power. The results of this research show that there are three patterns in their decision making: woman-dominant, man-dominant and agreement in two categories of families. Although employed women have more resource and money, they cannot be influential in the decision-makings. So both employed and unemployed women are dominant in micro and low-cost decisions and less effective in huge and high-cost decisions. Women in both groups against men's authoritarianism are mentioned flexibly and come short of their decision because of "saving their lives"