انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات 2008-5575 3 8 2007 05 22 Psychological Operation, Language and Structure of Knowledge ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رواﻧﻲ، زﺑﺎن و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر آگاهی 1 26 44382 FA علی اکبر فرهنگی دانشگاه تهران روح الله احمدزاده کرمانی ﻋﻀﻮ هیت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺷﺮق Journal Article 2020 08 18 Psychological operation is a pre-planned system used to alternate the perception and consequently the behavior of a target audience. The successful execution of such a scenario requires full appreciation of audience characteristics as well as the methods and tools by which they are trying to persuade and convince them. Thus, those who design psychological operations using the media should have some knowledge of the cultural and socio-political circumstances of their audiences. This in turn requires a profound understanding of the most complicated inter-relations between the structure of human knowledge and institutions which effect the creation and development of that knowledge. In other words, psychological operations through the media should concentrate on the nature of inter-relations between human’s normal, cognitive, instrumental and emotional structures. Through recognizing the elements that dominate these structures and by tapping into the values related to them, such as honesty, truth, effectiveness and aesthetics, the media has its hands on the right material for disturbing the balance between subjectivity and objectivity, therefore rebuilding structures which lead to awareness such as climate making, selection and homogenization. Since the nature of language is based on shared meaning, making a change in the structure of awareness leads to changes in the meaning of words and such a result provides the ground for language change (narrowing or broadening the meaning of the words). This article tries to show how the media affects language through the manipulation of cognitive structures and by using psychological operation. ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رواﻧﻲ، ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ  رﻳﺰی ﺷﺪ ه  ای اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ادراﻛـﺎت و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ رﻓﺘـﺎر  ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﻣﻌﻴ ﻦ .اﺟﺮا و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴ   ﺖ آﻣﻴﺰ ﺳﻨﺎرﻳﻮی ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رواﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ  ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺴـﺘﻠﺰم روﺷـﻬﺎ و اﺑﺰارﻫـﺎی ﻣـﻮرد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺮﻏﻴـﺐ و ،درک درﺳﺖ آﻧﺎن از ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒـﺎن، ﺷـﮕﺮدﻫا ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن اﺳﺖ؛ ﻟﺬا ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رواﻧﻲ رﺳﺎنه ای ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ در ﻣﻮرد  ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﻲـ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ؛ اﻣـﺎ اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺧـﻮد   ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم درک ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻴﻬﺎی  ﻣﻴﺎن راﺑﻄﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر آﮔﺎﻫﻲ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﺳﺎزه  ﻫـﺎی ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ در ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ    آﮔﺎﻫﻲ اﺳ ﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رواﻧﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻣﻴﺎن آﮔﺎﻫﻲ ،  ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﻫﻨﺠﺎری، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ، اﺑﺰاری و اﺣﺴﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠـﻪ در   ارزﺷﻬﺎی ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺻ ﺪ اﻗﺖ، ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ، ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻮدن و زﻳﺒـﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ  زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ زدن ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻣﻴﺎن ﻋﻴﻨﻴﺖ و ذﻫﻨﻴﺖ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ﺳـﺎزه  ﻫـﺎی ﻣﻮﺟـﺪ  ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن آﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﭼﻮن ﻓﻀﺎﺳﺎزی،ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ و ﻫﻤﮕﻮ  ن ﺳﺎزی را، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺠﺪد دﻫ ﺪ .ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ اﺳﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ زﺑﺎن ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻨﻴﺎد اﺷﺘﺮاک ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﻮار اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ در ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر آﮔـﺎﻫﻲ،  ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ واژﮔﺎن دﭼﺎر ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه و اﻳﻦ ﺧﻮد زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات زﺑﺎﻧﻲ   )ﺗﻮﺳـﻴﻊ و ﺗﻀـﻴﻴﻖ   معنای واژﮔﺎ ن (را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ آور د .اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﺗﻼش اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ رﺳﺎﻧ ﻪ  ﻫـﺎ در   زﺑﺎن را از ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻮل در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رواﻧﻲ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ای نشان دهد. ﻪ رﺳﺎﻧ ﻪ ﻫـﺎ در <br />زﺑﺎن را از ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻮل در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رواﻧﻲ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ

انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات 2008-5575 3 8 2007 05 22 Entrepreneurship Development Strategies in the Cultural Sector (Computer Games اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎزﻳﻬﺎی راﻳﺎﻧﻪ ای) 27 39 44383 FA محمود احمدپور دارایانی هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران سوسن علائی ﻣﺪرس داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان - ﺷﻤﺎل Journal Article 2020 08 18 Today, entrepreneurship is considered an effective element in economic development and decreasing unemployment in societies. Therefore, most governments have accepted it as a national development strategy and have supported and developed it in different ways. Recently, supporting entrepreneurship has been identified as a strategic priority in Iran, and has been considered in government policies for economic, social and cultural development. Since the cultural industries have a strong capability of creating new jobs, this research aims to offer proper entrepreneurship development strategies in the field of computer games. We identify effective and important elements in job opportunity expansion, and the need to create the first step towards a successful production of video games according to our own culture. In order to identify the effective elements, in addition to consulting with Iranian experts, we studied the governmental supporting programs for the games industry in the top ten countries, as well as the entrepreneurship development policies used worldwide. After compiling these programs and policies, we chose thirty five elements as the most effective indicators on the research subject, and used them to determine the variables and examine both the existing and desired situation. Then we administered a questionnaire on fifty-seven game producers and policy makers to find the gap between the existing and the desired position, and analyzed the data by Path Analysis (structural equating model) and the Freedman Test. Finally, three proper entrepreneurship development strategies in the video games industry were edited based on the results and were then recommended to the relevant governmental organizations for execution.   در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻴﺮوی ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻳﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻛﺜﺮ دوﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺑﺴﻴﺎری ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آن اﻧﺠﺎم داده اﻧﺪ .ﭼﻨﺪی اﺳﺖ در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﻛﺎر آﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎی دوﻟﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و در ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ آن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه ای ﻣﺒﺬول ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .  در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ در ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﻳﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﻼش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬار  ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ و ﻛﺎر در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ و ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ  ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎزﻳﻬﺎی راﻳﺎﻧﻪ ای ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﭘﺮروﻧﻖ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮔﺮدد .  ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻲ ده ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺮﺗﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ در ﺟﻬﺎن، ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎی ﺷﺎﺧﺺ 35 ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺎرآﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﺮات ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن داﺧﻠﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .اﻳﻦ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻦ از ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ57و ﻧﻈﺮﺧﻮاﻫﻲ از  ﮔﺬاران ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎزﻳﻬﺎی راﻳﺎﻧﻪ ای ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪه و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ روﺷﻬﺎی آﻣﺎری ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ و آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻣﻦ در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﻳﻬﺎی ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .

انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات 2008-5575 3 8 2007 05 22 Culture and Happiness: A Theoretical and Empirical study on attitudes of heads of households towards everyday life in Isfahan فرهنگ و ﺷﺎدی :روﻳﻜﺮدی ﻧﻈﺮی و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ در زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮار در ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن 51 78 44388 FA علی ربانی خوراسگانی اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اصفهان علی ربانی دانشگاه اصفهان محمدرضا عابدی دانشگاه اصفهان Journal Article 2020 08 18 This article measures the feeling of happiness amongst heads of households in Isfahan in relation to their cultural life such as cultural capital, ways of spending leisure time (scientific, artistic, sports etc) as well as religiosity as a cultural component. This extensive survey was carried out during one period in the second half of 1386. This study consisted of all heads of families in Isfahan with a sample size of 384, calculated using Cockran’s formula. The questionnaire used had a suitable reliability of evaluation within various districts of Isfahan. The results reveal that the degree of happiness among heads of families is 56.23 with an average of emotional dimension of happiness at 59.38, the average of cognitive happiness 53.88, the average of social happiness 55.42. In addition, the average of cultural capital was 27.57 in which cultural skills had the highest rank with an average of 31.89. Obtaining cultural documentation had the lowest average with a mean of 19.16.  Furthermore the mean of ownership of cultural instruments was 31.68.  In addition, among various leisure styles identified using factor analysis, family leisure time was 53.78, entertainment leisure time 36, sport leisure time 28.01, artistic cultural leisure time 20.43 and cultural scientific leisure time 15.34. According to these results although the average of cultural capital and cultural leisure time style among heads of families is low it is usually associated with their feeling of happiness so that they increase reciprocally. On the other hand religiosity as a cultural characteristic of Isfahan has a direct and meaningful inter-relation with the feeling of happiness      ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان اﺣﺴﺎس ﺷﺎدی ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن و زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، ﺳﺒﻜﻬﺎی ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ )ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ـ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ـ ﻫﻨﺮی، ورزﺷﻲ و  (...و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ دﻳﻨﺪاری ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد، ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ (ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ 1386 ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ وﺳﻌﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻧﮕﺮ و از ﻧﻈﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ اﺳﺖ )ﻧﻴﻤﻪ دوم ﺳﺎلآﻣﺎری آن ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﺑﻪ 384ﻛﻮﻛﺮان،  ﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ رواﻳﻲ  ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ آﻟﻔﺎی ﻛﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ (ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.  ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از روﺷﻬﺎی آﻣﺎری ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده، ﻣﻴﺰان ﺷﺎدی ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮار در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻮده، ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ56/23اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻌﺪ اﺣﺴﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎدی بعد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ 59/37  ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑ و 53/88 ، ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑوده اﺳﺖ 27/57 اﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 55/42ﻌﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ آن ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ و ﻛﺴﺐ ﻣﺪارک ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ دارای ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ 31/89 ﻛﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴین 31/68  است. ( ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دارا ﺑﻮدن وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 19/16)ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺒﻜﻬﺎی ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ، ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ و اوﻗﺎت 20/43، اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ـ ﻫﻨﺮی 28/01، اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ورزﺷﻲ36، اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﺗﻔﻨﻨﻲ 53/78اﺳﺖ .ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آﻣﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﺳﺒﻜﻬﺎی ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ 15/34ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ـ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ دارد اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺎ اﺣﺴﺎس ﺷﺎدﻣﺎﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺷﺎدی ﻧﻴﺰ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .از ﺳﻮی دﻳﮕﺮ دﻳﻨﺪاری ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪهای ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ در ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺣﺴﺎس ﺷﺎدی ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮار راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار و ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ دارد.

انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات 2008-5575 3 8 2007 05 22 A Study of Semiotics of Billboard Advertising in Tehran ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎت ﺷﻬﺮی در اﻳﺮان(با تاکید بیلبوردهای ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان) 89 124 44389 FA افسانه کامران دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه تهران Journal Article 2020 08 18 This study aims to recognize the symbols and mythology dominant in civic advertisements in Tehran. In doing so, examples of billboards on display in Tehran, Iran’s mega-city, during the spring and summer of 1382 were analyzed. The theoretical framework for this work was taken from Ferdinand de Saussure semiotic perspective combined with the theories of Rolan Barth on demystification analysis of advertising texts. The findings reveal the domination of a mythopetic system in Iranian advertising. Parts of these myths are particular to Iranian culture and society, carrying its characteristics within the texts, and others are affected by international or super-national regional myths and are more Universalist.     اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف دﺳﺖ   ﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﻄﻮر ه ﻫﺎی ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان   و ﻧﻈﺎم ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ   ه اﺳﺖ  .ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ    ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﺑﻴﻠﺒﻮردﻫﺎی ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ   ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ1382ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﻼن ﺷﻬﺮ اﻳﺮان در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺑـﻪ  «ﻓﺮدﻳﻨـﺎن دوﺳﻮﺳـﻮر » ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮی اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻧﻪ   ﻋﻨـﻮان  ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﺳﻄﻮره   «روﻻن ﺑﺎرت »ﻣﺮﺟﻊ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت  زداﻳﻲ از ﻣﺘـﻮن ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐـﺎﺗﻲ اﺳـﺖ .در ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎت اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ.ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﻄﻮره   ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ   «اﺳﻄﻮره ﺳﺎز » ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ  ﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻧﻈﺎم   ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ و وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ اﻳـﻦ ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ را دارا اﺳـﺖ و ﺑﺨﺸـﻲ دﻳﮕـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺄﺛﺮ از اﺳﻄﻮرهﻫﺎی ﻓﺮاﻣﻠﻲ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ای اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ای ﺟﻬﺎن ﺷﻤﻮل ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات 2008-5575 3 8 2007 05 22 Headline dissection of a specific news story ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﺷﻜﺎﻓﻲ تیتریک ﺧﺒﺮ در ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت )ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﮔﺰارﺷﻲ از ﻧﺤﻮه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت در ﺑﺪرﻗﻪ وزﻳﺮ رﻓﺎه) 125 140 44391 FA سید مسعود سیدعلوی دانشجوی دکتری علوم ارتباطات مهدی فرقانی هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه Journal Article 2020 08 18 On the eve of September 24th  2006 , after the first year of governing by the 9th government, rumours spread about a cabinet reshuffling of ministers led to the resignation of the welfare minister. At the moment the decision was made newspapers for the following day were already being printed. On the morning of September 25th 2006 it was clear that although this news was reported on TV and radio, newspaper readers could not find this news in their favorite newspapers. Therefore, newspaper readers had to wait until the morning of September 26th 2006 to read about this story. This paper investigates a selection of the newspaper headlines printed about this important event on the front pages of the morning newspapers on September 26th, 2006. 24 hours after the dissemination of this news, it had lost its timeliness , but because of its importance it had to be printed. Attention will also be paid to the hours during which the news story broke and the comments in the national news agencies and the  ettelaat newspaper which was printed on the evening of September 25th, 2006. ﺷﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ  در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ از وزرا در ﭘﺎﻳـﺎن ﺳـﺎل اول ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺖ دوﻟـﺖ ﻧﻬـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﻮش    ﻣﻲ  رﺳﻴﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﻨﺎری وزﻳﺮ رﻓﺎه ﺷﺪ  .در آن ﺳﺎﻋﺖ   1385 ﺎ در ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ دوم ﻣﻬﺮ  ﻣﺎه  ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤ  ﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ     ﻫﺎی ﺳﻮم ﻣﻬﺮ   ﻣﺎه در   ﺣﺎل ﭼـﺎپ    ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ  و ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺻـﺒﺢ   دوﺷﻨﺒﻪ ﺳﻮم ﻣﻬﺮ   ﻣﺎه اﻳﻦ ﺧﺒﺮ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ رادﻳﻮ و ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن اﻋﻼم ﻣـﻲ  ﺷـﺪ ﺑـﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺑـﻮد ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒـﺎن    روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ  ﻫﺎ ﻧﺘﻮا ﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺒﺮ را در روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ   ﻫﺎی ﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻨﺪ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ   ﻫﺎی ﺻﺒﺢ ﺗﺎ روز ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ   ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ  ﺷﺎﻣﻞ  ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻴﺘﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑ   ﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ   ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﭘـﺲ از اﻧﺘﺸـﺎر ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ  24 اول روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ   ﻫﺎی ﺻﺒﺢ ﺳﻪ    ﺷﻨﺒﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﻣﻬﺮ   ﻣﺎه اﺳﺖ  .ﺧﺒـﺮی ﻛـﻪ    اﻣـﺎ ﺑـﻪ دﻟﻴـﻞ اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺧﺒـﺮی ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮار  ،ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰارﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﺎزﮔﻲ ﺧﻮد را از دﺳﺖ داده ﺑـﻮد   ﻣﻲ  ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﻴﺶ از آن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻳﻦ ﺧﺒﺮ و ﺣﻮاﺷـﻲ آن در ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰارﻳﻬـﺎی داﺧﻠـﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ    روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻋﺼﺮ ﺳﻮم ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎه ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ.

انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات 2008-5575 3 8 2007 05 22 The Comparison of two Generations in Leisure Times and Challenges of Globalization اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ و ﭼﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎی ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪن ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ دو ﻧﺴﻞ 141 176 44392 FA مرتضی منادی دانشگاه الزهرا Journal Article 2020 08 18 The present article is summary of two studies on young people and thei families. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference between young people and parent>s leisure times and to identify the causes of the difference. Since we are living in era of communications, and it is considered as a tool for globalization, it was studied leisure times of two separate generations in regard with globalization. The theories of reality social structure and interactionism have been used to understand the issue. 44 young people and their parents were interviewed in-depth. It has been concluded that young people are different from their parents in spending their leisure times and they are influenced by globalization whereas their parents are not influenced.  ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل دو ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﻣﻮرد ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎی آﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎی ﺑﻴﻦ اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﻮان ﺑﺎ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ و ﻋﻠﻞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ در ﻋﺼﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ، و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از اﺑﺰار ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ رود، اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ دو ﻧﺴﻞ را در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار داده اﻳﻢ. ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ واﻗﻌﻴﺖ و ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺎ را در ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻳﺎری رﺳﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺟﻮان و واﻟﺪﻳﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ رﺳﻴﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﺧﻮد را 44 ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از واﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺎن درﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ، ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از واﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺎن درﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ،می  ﮔﺬراﻧﻨﺪ، آﻧﺎن در ﮔﺬران اوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪواﻟﺪﻳﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ. 

انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات 2008-5575 3 8 2007 05 22 Societies in Nostalgia of Communities: A Look at Neo-Spiritualism in Iran (Based on Two Case Studies of Philosophical and Psychological Communities) ﺟﻮاﻣﻌﻲ در ﻧﻮﺳﺘﺎﻟﮋی اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه معنویتهای ﺟﺪﻳﺪ در اﻳﺮان )از ﺧﻼل ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردی دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎی ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻲ ـ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ( 177 195 44393 FA سارا شریعتی مزینانی استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی دانشگاه تهران سوسن باستانی استاد دانشگاه بهناز خسروی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه الزهرا Journal Article 2020 08 18 During recent years there have been many gatherings and classes in Tehran and other cities where new methods of “living a better life” are being taught. In these gatherings, which are based on differing psychological and philosophical perspectives, people seek some kind of spiritual and meta-physical enlightenment and on ways to gain happiness, success, maturity, psychological transcendence and relaxation. This article reveals the findings of this qualitative study on two such classes. The type of organization and the relationship between members are studies here. According to the findings we may call these gatherings ‘societies’ or ‘communities in nostalgia’ which are closed, mysterious and lead by charismatic leaders. At the same time such gatherings are signs of dynamic social life hidden from wider social society. ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎی اﺧﻴﺮ، ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎﻳﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان و دﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﻮه آﻣﻮزش داده ﻣﻲ«ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ زﻳﺴﺘﻦ» ﻫﺎی ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺮای  ﺷﻮد .در اﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎن ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ  دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ  ﻧﻮﻋﻲ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﻌﻨﻮی و روﺣﺎﻧﻲ، ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ راﻫﻬﺎی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﻲ، ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ، ﻛﻤﺎل را ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ آراﻣﺶ روﺣﻲ درﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ .در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﻚ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻲﻛﻪ در آن دو ﻛﻼس از اﻳﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ، ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن دﻫﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ رواﺑﻂ اﻋﻀﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد .ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ را ﻣﻲ و «ﺑﺴﺘﻪ و رازدار» ﺑﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت «ﺟﻮاﻣﻌﻲ در ﻧﻮﺳﺘﺎﻟﮋی اﺟﺘﻤﺎع» ﺗﻮان ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ و در ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺣﻀﻮر آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ«رﻫﺒﺮی ﻓﺮﻫﻤﻨﺪ»دارای  ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﻴﺎت زﻧﺪه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ در ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻛﺮد.