انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات 2008-5575 5 16 2009 11 22 Challenges Posed by Leisure of the Elderly in Iran چالش های ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان در اﻳﺮان 57 80 43594 FA علی اصغر سعیدی دانشیار ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان Journal Article 2020 08 06 The main objective of this paper is to analyze the theory of the influence of various stages of life on the pattern of leisure of the elderly based on the analysis of the bio-psychological model and the balancing of the mentioned pattern with the institutional-social model. The objective has been attained through the results obtained from two national researches on Iranian cultural behaviors to reflect the level of compatibility between the two models and the behaviors of the Iranians in rural and urban areas. Researchers have reflected that bio-psychological models despite criticisms made are still able to determine a pattern for the elderly especially in urban areas. However, evidence exists on challenges that the present model has encountered in certain instances ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻟﮕﻮی ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻘﺪ ﻣﺪل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ- رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻮازن آن ﺑﺎ اﻟﮕﻮی ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻬﺎدی - اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﺳﺖ .اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ دو ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻠﻲ در ﻣﻮرد رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ اﻧﺪازه اﻳﻦ دو ﻣﺪل ﻧﻈﺮی ﺑﺎ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﺎن در ﺷﻬﺮ و روﺳﺘﺎ  ، ﺳﺎزﮔﺎرﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ .ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ - رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲﺑﻪ ، ﻫﻨﻮز ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻟﮕﻮی ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ،ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻧﻘﺪﻫﺎی وارد ﺑﺮ آنﺷﻮاﻫﺪی ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﺪن اﻳﻦ ، وﻳﮋه در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .اﻣﺎ ﻣﺪل ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮارد وﺟﻮد دارد.