انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522Analysis of a Television Advertisementﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻳﻚ آگهی ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت فرهنگی11344562FAحسین پایندهاستاد نظریه و نقد ادبی دانشگاه علامه طباطباییJournal Article20200826The rise of cultural studies in recent years has exerted far-reaching influence on the humanities researches, so much so that it can be claimed that this new methodology has revolutionised our conception of the object of the humanities scholarship.Cultural studies practitioners have reached beyond the conventional boundaries between high and popular art, thus covering new domains which in the past were considered to be outside the confines of the humanities scholar’s work. Prominent amongst these new domains, are advertisements. It can be argued that beyond the “neutral” and “innocent” appearance of commercial advertisements, implicit discursive practices are exhibited that offer definitions of social reality and ultimately determine our subjectivity. Adopting an interdisciplinary cultural studies approach, this article analyses a typical advertisement from the national Iranian television network (about Haier washing machines) with the purpose of illuminating the mechanisms of the construction of feminine identity in contemporary Iranian culture. As such, the images of women in this TV advertisement are investigated from a feminist perspective, while also drawing on some psychoanalytical, sociological and semiotic concepts. The final part of this article offers a conclusion about the potentialities of cultural studies in the humanities.تاثیری ﻫﻤـ ﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﻪ در ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫـﺎی «ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ ﻲ» در ﺳﺎ ل ﻫﺎی اﺧﻴﺮ، ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠـﻮم اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﺎﻗﻲ ﮔﺬاﺷـﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ، ﭼﻨـﺪان ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﻣـﺪﻋﻲ ﺷـﺪ اﻳـن ﻧﻮ ﺣﺘﻲ ادراک ﻣﺎ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﻲ را ﻧﻴـﺰ دﮔﺮﮔـﻮن ﻛـﺮده ِ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑـﺎ از ﻣﻴـﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷـﺘﻦ ﻣﺮزﻫـﺎی ﻣﻌﻬـﻮد ﻣﻴـﺎن ﻫﻨـﺮ ِ.اﺳﺖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮانﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﮔﺮا و ﻫﻨﺮ ﻋﺎﻣ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ، ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﻳﺪی را ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺎ ﭘـﻴﺶ از اﻳـﻦ ﺟـﺰو ﺣﻴﻄ ﻛـﺎر ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ در ﻛﺎر ﺧﻮد ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ ﻛﺮد ه اﻧﺪ .ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬ ﻢ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦاﻳﻦ ﺣﻮز ه ﻫﺎ، آﮔﻬ ﻲ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺎری اﺳ ﺖ ِ »و «ﺧﻨﺜـ ﻲ» در ﭘﺲ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ آﮔﻬـ ﻲ ﻫـﺎی «ﻣﻌﺼـﻮمﺗﺠﺎری ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ درﻣﻲ آﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻜـﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔـﻲ ﺗﻠـﻮﻳﺤﻲ از ِ واﻗﻌﻴﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ را دارﻧﺪ و درﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺤـ ﻮ ذﻫـﻦ) ﺳـﻮﺑﮋﻛﺘﻴﻮﻳ ﺘﻪ( ﻣـﺎ را ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴـﺖﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ آﮔﻬ ﻲ ِ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .در ﻣﻘﺎ ﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻳﻚ آﮔﻬﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳـﻮن اﻳـﺮان ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻟﺒﺎﺳﺸـﻮﻳﻲ ﺣـﺎﻳﺮ (ﺑـﺎ اﺗﺨـﺎذ رﻫﻴﺎﻓـﺖ ﻣﻴـﺎ ن رﺷـ ﻪ ای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺟﻨﺴـﻴﺘﻲِ ﻫﻮﻳِو ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﭘﺮﺗﻮاﻓﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎرﻫﺎی ﺑﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪنزﻧﺎﻧﻪ در ﻓ ﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ، ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد .ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، اﻳﻤﺎژﻫﺎی زن در اﻳﻦ آﮔﻬﻲ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮی ﻓﻤﻴﻨﻴﺴﺘﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﻴﻢ رواﻧﻜﺎواﻧـﻪ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻧﻪ و اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر، ﺑﻪ ﺟمﻊ ِ . ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺤﺚ در ﺧﺼـﻮص ِ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﺪیﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد.انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522Popular Culture & Popular City, Tehran: Local – Global Cityفرهنگ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ و شهر ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ تهران : شهرﻣﺤﻠﻲ - جهانی135044563FAسید سعیدرضا عاملیدانشگاه تهران0000-0002-3724-4362Journal Article20200826City can be subject of love and hate. Particular elements of the city can be subject for popularity and dispopularity as well. In this paper my main attempt is to apply the concept of popular culture to the city and examine the popular elements of the city of Tehran through examination of peoples’ love and hate in relation to the city of Tehran. This paper will first discuss the concept of popular culture and its relationship with elitism and symbolic power then from this perspective idea of respondents to the question about popularity and dispopularity of Tehran together with question about symbol power will be the core of the discussion in this paper. The result of qualitative research based on 120 comments of the respondents to popular/dispopular aspects as well as symbol of Tehran is major source for cultural approach to the city of Tehran. This research carried out on the neutral space of weblog which gives opportunity to receive the profound and reliable answers.ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺤﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻌﻠﻖ، واﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ،ﻋﺸﻖ و در ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ، ﻓﺸﺎر و ﺗﻨﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.اﺟﺰاء ﺧﺎﺻﻲ از ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ درﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻳﺎ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ، ﻓﻴﻠﻢ و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺔ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﻮدن و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺷﻮد و اﮔﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﮔﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪی و ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪی آن ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﺎه در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎی آن ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا ﻳﺎ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﺪ،ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ .در ﺑﺨﺶ دوم ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ و ﻧﺨﺒﮕﻲ و ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎن اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ .در واﻗﻊ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻧﺨﺒﮕﻲ، ﭘﺮده ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ و ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ دﻫﻨﺪه راﺑﻄﺔ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ "اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ"اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎدﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ .در ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺎه ﻧﻈﺮی ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردی ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ و ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎی ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪﺷﺪ .ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮی ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ راﺑﻄﻪ ، ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ داردﻣﻌﻨﺎداری ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻫﺎ و روﻳﻜﺮد ﻧﻈﺮی ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺷﻮد .انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522Cultural Scripts of Dieing & Death (The Case Study of Cancer Patients of Iman Khomeini Hospital, Tehran)نمایشنامه های فرهنگی ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﺮدن(ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: بیماران ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻲ بیمارستان اﻣﺎم خمینی)517444564FAمحمد امین قانعی رادمرکز تحقیقات سیاسی علمی کشورمرتضی کریمی ملهدانشجوی دکتری انسان شناسی دانشگاه تهران، پژوهشگاه رویان، پژوهشکده زیستشناسی و علوم پزشکی تولید مثل جهاد دانشگاهی، مرکز تحقیقات اپیدمیولوژی باروری، گروه اپیدمیولوژی و سلامت باروری، تهران، ایران.Journal Article20200826Death is a problem that modernity cannot solve it by internal referential knowledge. Death and dying should do out of the public sphere because they are important taboos. More people in modern society currently die at hospitals, hospice, and palliative care, and experience old age and dying in different way of past, because; first, their life spans increase. Second, they reach to old age. Third, infectious conditions shift to degenerative conditions as causes of death. While dying place and time are change, it is quietly natural that dying patterns to transform too. Clive Seale identifies four "cultural scripts ", or ways (patterns) to die well: modern medicine, revivalism, an anti revivalism scripts and a religious script. Cultural scripts are guiding rules for individuals. People in Iran have belief to religion strongly. Thus, the aim of this article is answering to this question that how cancer patients in a religious society and in hospital- a modern institution- can make meaningful process of dying themselves. In this research had used grounded theory methodology. Gathering data techniques were observation and deep interview (with patients, physicians, nurses and social workers) at hospitals. Totally, we do thirty-two deep interviews. We observed that having '' spirit '' or moral support is important for make meaningful dying processes. Failure of hospital facility, lack of medical ethics in physicians and speaking to patients, and destructing cancer metaphors in Iran, causes ''spirit drop''. Drop of spirit itself is cause that patients discontinue ''struggling'' to cancer. Also other result indicate that criteria for recognizing ''deed'' and meaning of '' miracle'' have change in Iran since two recent decade . Those rise due to social changes and equipment technologic progression of medicine. ''Dead'' is who his/her brain becomes die, namely death of brain equal '' departing soul of body'' and '' death of man''. Thus, not only decease of body equal with end of exists, but also '' death of brain'' (center of rationality) means'' death of man''. This kind of death determines and declares by physician not God, in the other hand once, that his/her brain die, else patients family and her/his self do not anticipated performing miracle. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﺮدن در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎران ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻲ در ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد .اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ای ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت دوﮔﺎﻧﺔ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ و وﺟﻮد ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﻣﺪرن ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ، ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺮدن ﺧﻮد را ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ و در اﻳﻦ راه، ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ
وﺿﻌﻴﺖ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ، ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ و دوراﻫﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ رو ﺑﻪ رو ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻛﻼﻳﻮ ﺳﻴﻞ و ﺳﻮزان ﻻﻧﮓ در ﻣﻮرد اﻧﻮاع ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮی ﻧﻈﺮی ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ و ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎران، ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎن، ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران و 32اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺪدﻛﺎران ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ اﺷﺒﺎع ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ .ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﺷﻴﻮة
راﻳﺞ در روﻳﻜﺮد ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ و ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﺮدن در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ رواج را دارﻧﺪ .ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺎ را در ﻃﺮح ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ای در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺮﻗﺮاری اﻧﻮاع ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ و ﻣﺪرن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﻤﺎران ﻳﺎری ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522Cultural Changes, Domination and Resistanceﺳﻠﻄﻪ، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و تغییر فرهنگی9310844565FAمهری بهاردانشگاه تهرانJournal Article20200826In this article we will be concerned with the type of relationship of everyday life with religion and mass media in Iran. Therefore in addition to impact of TV, in the reproduction of cultural dominated system, we will also focus on social- cultural and human factors in the cultural residency forming. The hypothesis of this article is that religious users based on their judgment and approach on religious ceremonies in everyday life are able to reproduce a new kind of typical religiosity and cultural expectations ,which are affected by mass media. To know this process in the article it has been used the social theory of Gramchi and Fiske.در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع راﺑﻄﺔ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه ﺑﺎ دﻳﻦ و رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺿﻤﻦ اﺷﺎره ﺑﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه اﺛﺮﮔﺬاری رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ای ﭼﻮن ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن در "ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ" از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ - ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮی ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻓﺮض اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان دﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻠﻘﻲ و داوری ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺮاﺳﻢ دﻳﻨﻲ در زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه دارﻧﺪ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در اراﺋﻪ و ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺟﺪﻳﺪی از دﻳﻦ ورزی ﺧﺎص در ﻛﻨﺎر)در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ (اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات دﻳﻨﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، ﻣﺆﺛﺮ و ﻣﻨﺸﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522The Impact of Internet on Peer Group Identityﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮ هویت ﻫﻤﺎﻻن1091364457210.22034/jcsc.2006.44572FAبهزاد دوراناستاد پژوهشگاه و معاون پژوهشیJournal Article20200826The Internet as a new kind of popular communicative medium is going to find its place in social interactions, and then has likely some implications for social identities in different levels. The paper reports the findings of first hand research carried out in the field of the Internet᾽s effects on peer group identity. Peer group identity measured by a scale which developed by author applying Tajfel's social identity theory. The research plan was a cross-sectional quasiexperimental one. In a non-probability sampling 365 students selected from University of Tehran to test the research hypothesis. The sample divided into two subgroups as the test group (n=180) for those who had some Internet experiences, and the observation group (n=185) for whom had not such an experience. The hypothesis tested by two techniques: Man-Whitney and multiple regressions. There was no significant relation between the Internet usage and peer group identity. The main result and two side findings are discussed. The latter findings includes "any significant relationship between gender type and peer group identity is not observed", and "there was a significant positive relation between the time which spent to use video cassette recording (VCR) system and peer group identity".اینترنت به مثابه یک امکان اینترنتی
ﻧﻮﭘﺪﻳﺪ، ﺟﺬاب و ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟـﺎی ﺧـﻮد ر اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ اﻣﻜﺎن ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲدر ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎز ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ .اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺣﺼﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ دﺳﺖ اول اﺳـﺖ ﻛه ﺑﺮای آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻻن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺑـﺎ اﺗﻜـﺎ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﺎﺟﻔﻞ، ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺻﻮر ت ﺑﻨﺪی ﺷ ﺪ و ﺑﺮای اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮی ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻻن ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷـ ﺪ .ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻃﺮﺣـﻲ ﻣﻘﻄﻌـﻲ ﺑـﻪ روش ﺷﺒﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ ﻪ ﻧﻔـ ﺮ (از داﻧﺸـﺠﻮﻳﺎن 365) ایﺳـﻬﻤﻴﻪ ِ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ روش ﻏﻴﺮاﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻟﻲ ای اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ .( ﻧﻔـ ﺮ 180) ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﺎن ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮی اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮنﻧﻔﺮ (ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ دو ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ـ واﻳﺖ 185) و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﻲ و رﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮن
ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮی آزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﺸﺪ .ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﺻﻠﻲ و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه دﻻﻳـﻞ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣ ﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـ ﺪ .از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻻن زﻧﺎن و ﻣﺮدان ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨـﺎداری ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸـﺪ؛
دﻳﮕﺮ آ ن ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻻن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ وﻗـﺖ ﺻـﺮف ﺷـﺪه در ﺷـﺒﺎﻧﻪ روز ﺑـﺮای ﺗﻤﺎﺷـﺎی ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻫﺎی وﻳﺪﻳﻮﻳﻲ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری داﺷﺖ. انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522Internet Consumption in Youth Leisure Styles in Tehranﻣﺼﺮف اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ در ﺳﺒﻚ های ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن تهرانی13715844573FAسلیمان پاک سرشتبوعلی سینا همدانJournal Article20200826This article aims to study how off-line and on-line leisure activities interact in different leisure styles and what factors affect their interaction. Drawing upon 32 interviews with internet users (18 to 28 years old) in Tehran, three different leisure styles have been identified: namely "Transition", "Knowledge-based" and "classbased" leisure styles. The study reveals that in all leisure styles, user's online leisure style usually follows the same pattern of their off-line leisure. It further shows that internet use for leisure purposes, in people with "Transition" leisure-style has increased leisure time qualitatively and quantitatively through creating new leisure activities like chatting, while in youth with "knowledge-based" leisure style has replaced their cultural leisure activities without any impact on their leisure time and it has had no effect on leisure time and experiences of those with "class-based" leisure style.ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن اﻳﻦ ﺳﻮال اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﻳ ﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎی آﻧﻼﻳﻦ و ﻏﻴﺮ آﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ در ﺳ ﺒﻚ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن وﺟﻮد دارد و ﭼﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴـﺮی اﻳـﻦ ﺗﻌـﺎﻣﻼت دﺧﻴﻠﻨـﺪ؟ دا ده ﻫـﺎی ﻻزم ﺑـﺮای ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻬﺮاﻧﻲ 28 ﺗﺎ 18 ﻛﺎرﺑﺮ 32ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدآوری ﺷﺪه اﺳ ﺖ .ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺮاﻏـﺖ آﻧﻼﻳـﻦ در ر ﻫﻤـﺔ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ، ﺗﺪاوم ﺗﺠﺮﺑ ﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ آﻧﻼﻳـﻦ اﺳـ ﺖ .در ﺳـﺒﻚ ﻓﺮاﻏﺘـﻲ ﮔﺬار، ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻳﺠﺎد رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﭼـﺖ ﻛـﺮدن ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳ ﺶ زﻣﺎن ﻓﺮاﻏﺖ و ارﺗﻘﺎی ﻛﻴﻔـﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑ ﻪ ﻫـﺎی ﻓﺮاﻏﺘـﻲ ﺷـﺪه اﺳ ﺖ .در ،ﺳﺒﻚ ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ داﻧﺶ ﻣﺤﻮر، ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑـﺪون ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮ زﻣـﺎن ﻓﺮاﻏـ ﺖﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﺳـﺒﻚ ﻓﺮاﻏﺘـﻲ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﻣﺤـﻮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺮاﻏﺘﻲ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮی ﺑﺮ زﻣﺎن و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ های فراغتی استانجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522Representation of Everyday Life in Street: Semiotics of Rahnami and Ranandegi Clipsﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه در خیابان : ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲکلیپ های راهنمایی و راﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ15917844574FAمهدی فرجیدانشگاه تهراننفیسه حمیدیدانشجوی دکتریJournal Article20200826This article aims at qualitative content analysis of “Rahnamai and Ranandegi Clips”. 44 clips were chosen (They were at reach) and then, their social, technical and ideological codes were described according to semiotics approach. It was shown that these clips’ signifiers have both apparent and hidden meaning structure. We have tried to show different representation of diverse social types such as “Lat”, “Sosoul” and “Mohandes”. Also, we tried to appear paradoxical messages which are situated in connotation. In this way, we believe that the signified of these clips are constructively cultural and discursive.
ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻫﺎی; "کلیپهای ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ و رانندگی"اﺳﺖ .ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﻣﻴﺎن اﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ «راﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ )ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ 44 ﻫﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ( و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺨﺎذ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻼش ﻛﺮدﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ از رﻣﺰﮔﺎن اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻓﻨﻲ و اﻳﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﺸﻴﻢ .ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ رﻣﺰﮔﺬاری ﻫﺎی ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ای اﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ، ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ دال ﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻜﺸﻮف ﺧﻮد، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن و ﻧﺎﻣﻜﺸﻮف دارﻧﺪ .ﺗﻼش ﻛﺮده اﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ رﻣﺰﮔﺸﺎﻳﻲ از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻮن "ﻻت ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ "ﻻت ﺑﺎﻻ ﺷﻬﺮی" و "ﻣﻬﻨﺪس" ﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻴﭗ ،"ﺷﻬﺮی ﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ را در اﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻴﻢ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﺮده اﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻴﺎم ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺪوﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ دﻻﻟﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺿﻤﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺎم ﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد را ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﻨﻴﻢ .از اﻳﻦ زاوﻳﻪ، ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺪﻟﻮل اﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ دﻻﻟﺘﻤﻨﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﻧﺪ . انجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522Ritual, Ritualization and Religious Popular Culture: Thinking over some Religious Visual Representation and New Methods of Maddahiآیین ، آیین ﺳﺎزی و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ دﻳﻨﻲ: ﺗﺄﻣﻠﻲ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺼﺮی دﻳﻨﻲ و شیوه های ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺪاﺣﻲ17921244575FAعبدالله گیویاندانشگاه صداو سیماJournal Article20200826Such useful concepts as "ritual" and "popular culture"have been used by various approaches to clarify mechanisms through which religion, culture and society work. Consisting of two main parts, this article attempts to elucidate the sense in which we can talk about "religious popular culture" in the context of Iranian shi'i culture and society governed by an Islamic state. The first part presents a brief theoretical overview of the rich literature on these concepts. The following part consists of an ethnographic study of Ashura rituals and iconography. My ethnographic data comes out of my observations in 1984(2005). From a symbolic- culturalist approach, this part is aimed at explaining the interaction between Ashura rituals and iconography and popular culture in recent Iran.In spired by a de Certeauian view of popular culture, the second part discusses Ashura rituals as means modified and used by people as tactics against dominant strategies manifested in the form of current ritualization or the ongoing Islamization.
ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ»و «آﻳﻴﻦ»ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ از اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ دﻳﻦ، « ﭘﺴﻨﺪﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ .دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در داﻧﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎرﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت دﻳﻨﻲ را در ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﻮق درﺻﺪد اﺳﺖ اول ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﻧﻈﺮی در ﺧﺼﻮص آﻳﻴﻦ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﺨﺶ دوم ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮوری ﻣﺮدم ﻧﮕﺎراﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪاﺣﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﮕﺎری ﻫﺎی راﻳﺞ ﺗﻼش ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﮔﺮا ـ ﻧﻤﺎدﮔﺮا ﺗﺤﻮل آﻳﻴﻦ ﻫﺎی ﻋﺎﺷﻮراﻳﻲ را در اﻳﺮان ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎی آن را ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ روﺷﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ .در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ دوﺳﺮﺗﻮﻳﻲ آن، ﺗﺎﻛﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ دﻳﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﻫﺎی آﻳﻴﻨﻲسازی ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺗﻲ در ﺷﻴﻮه ﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺰاری آﻳﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻲ آﻳﻨﺪانجمن مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطاتمطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات2008-55752520060522Culture and Policy-making in Iranفرهنگ و سیاستﮔﺬاری در اﻳﺮان21323444576FAغلامحیدر ابراهیم بای سلامیدانشگاه تهرانJournal Article20200826Value system, beliefs and people's life style have a mutual relation with public policy-making and decision-making about the resource allocation. In every society, policy-making is the reflection of selected values in that society. Therefore, understanding any policymaking is not possible unless with regards to the cultural and value evolution in that society. Studying mutual relation between culture and policy-making and the resulted interaction is affected by the main issues and problems existing in the process of development and evolution of Iran society. Analyzing policies, plans and their consequences show that the State has always been confronted with significant value and cultural challenges for implementing macro policies. The unsuccess of policy-making and planning in the last 6 decades (1937-2007) represent the existence of cultural, value and institutional limitations, in the one hand, and the impact of production styles and social structure which have been resulted from oil incomes, on the other hand. Economic liberalization and privatization have been the center of economic policies in the last two decades. Declaring macro policies of the article 44 of the constitutional law concerning expansion of participation, private ownership, and competitiveness, and development of job opportunities for people has led policy-making into a new phase. Implementation of the mentioned policies requires understanding of the background cultural of society. Because of the resulting economic and social consequences, the importance of understanding and analyzing of interaction between policy-making and culture becomes significant. ﻧﻈﺎم ارزﺷﻲ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎورﻫﺎ و ﺷﻴﻮه زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺮدم راﺑﻄﻪ ای ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاری ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ راﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﻴﺮی و ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ دارد .ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاری ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻧﻌﻜﺎس ارزش ﻫﺎی ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮای آن اﺳﺖ و درک ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع از ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاری ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻮل ارزﺷﻲ آن ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ .ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت دو ﺳﻮﻳﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاری و ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت و ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ درﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﺤﻮل ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻳﺮان وﺟﻮد دارد .ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎی ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ دوﻟﺖ در اﻳﺮان اﺟﺮای ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻛﻼن ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺟﺪی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ارزﺷﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﻫﺴﺖ .ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاری ﻫﺎ وﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰی ﺳﺎل 60 ﻫﺎ در (ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از وﺟﻮد ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، ارزﺷﻲ و ﻧﻬﺎدی از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮ 1327-1386)اﺧﻴﺮ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﻮه ﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪی و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از درآﻣﺪﻫﺎی ﻧﻔﺘﻲ )راﻧﺖ (از ﺳﻮی دﻳﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ .آزادﺳﺎزی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺳﺎزی ﻣﺤﻮر ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی دودﻫﺔ اﺧﻴﺮ در اﻳﺮان ﺑﻮده 44 اﺳﺖ و اﺑﻼغ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﻲ اﺻﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ و ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ، رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮی و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻀﺎی ﻛﺴﺐ و ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮای ﻣﺮدم، ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاری ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻮل را وارد ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪی ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ .اﺟﺮای ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ وﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ آورد ﺿﺮورت ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاری و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ را ﺑﻴﺶ از ﭘﻴﺶ اﻳﺠﺎب ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ.